Introduction to Cognitive Psychology - Department of Psychological ...

Prof. Greg Francis 8/16/11Effect of rehearsal rate!! Explains differences across groups of people!! Age effects in children!! Hitch, Halliday & Littler (1989)!! This implies that it is not theloop size that changes withage, but the rate ofrehearsalSpan=1.68(Oral Reading Rate)+0.71Word length effect!! Memory span isrelated to the lengthof words!! Number of syllables!! Nicely matched bychanges in readingspeed!! Rate of rehearsalPurdue UniversityPurdue University!! Somelanguages arespoken morequickly thanothers!! Should allowlarger memoryspan!! it doesLanguage effects!! Ellis & Henley (1980)Relation to IQ!! investigated complaints about WISCintelligence scores!! Welsch children tended to score lowerthan English children!! Part of the exam checks memory span!! and the slower rate of speech in Welsch partlyexplains the difference!! bilingual Welsch students tested in English got betterscores than when tested in WelschPurdue UniversityPurdue UniversityArticulatory suppression!! Subjects sees (hears) a list of phonemes!! Also repeats a phrase over and over!! e.g., “tippy-toe, tippy-toe, tippy-toe,...!! Recall is worse!! True for both auditory and visual presentation!! (Recall for visual may be better than auditory because there issome information in the visuospatial sketchpad as well)Proportion recalled10.90.80.70.60.50.40.30.20.10VisualAuditoryPurdue UniversitySilentSuppressionArticulatory suppression!! Repeating phrase ties up the ACP!!Without rehearsal more forgetting occursVisualPhonological loopAuditoryACPtippy-toePSPurdue UniversityPSY 200: Intro. to Cognitive Psychology 2