Introduction to Cognitive Psychology - Department of Psychological ...

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Prof. Greg Francis 8/17/11Significance!! Decompression tables for divers!! want to remember when under water!! generally study while on land!! Researchers working under water have difficultyrecalling their details on land!! E.g., counts of species!! How do you know if something is forgotten?!! changing context may allow subject to recall seeminglyforgotten information!! forgetting = retrieval problem?Purdue UniversityForgetting!! Forgetting is not always a characteristic of amemory system, or your brain!!although it could be in some cases, it is notalways!! Forgetting must be defined operationally!!specify the task and context of retrieval!!You can never be certain that if you are placedin a different context you will still show forgettingPurdue University!! Goodwin et al. (1969)Internal context!! Subjects drink 10 oz. 80 proof vodka, mixed insugar-free lemon-lime drink!! or a similar tasting drink (bit of vodka on top of drink)!! Test memory 24 hours laterInternal context!! Best recall if study and test states are the same!! Similar effects for marijuana cigarettes (Eich et al., 1975)Study state!! Subjects are either:!! Sober at study, sober at test!! Drunk at study, sober at test!! Sober at study, drunk at test!! Drunk at study, drunk at testPurdue UniversityPurdue UniversityTesting!! So, if you are intoxicated while studying for anexam!!and you didn’t study before!! You should be intoxicated while taking theexamMood!! Mood has a similar effect (Eich et al, 1994)!! Mood induced by music and directed thoughtsStudy moodBut do notexpect to dovery wellGET HELP!Purdue UniversityPurdue UniversityPSY 200: Intro. to Cognitive Psychology 3
Prof. Greg Francis 8/17/11Classrooms!! Is memory better when you are tested in the same room aslectured?!! significant for final exams!!! Smith et al. (1978)!! Subject studied words in one of two contexts (on separate days)!! Varied classroom and dress of experimenterClassrooms!! Subjects recall all words either in the context of Day 1 or Day 2(different contexts for different subjects)!! Recall was best for words that were studied in the test contextStudy contextPurdue UniversityPurdue UniversityConclusions!! Context!! Encoding specificity!!memory best if study and test are similar!! Cues!! Environment!! StateNext time!! Discrimination in memory!! Proactive interference (PI)!! Release from PI!! CogLab on False memory due!!! How to take a test.!! Mood!! ClassroomsPurdue UniversityPurdue UniversityPSY 200: Intro. to Cognitive Psychology 4
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Prof. Greg Francis 1/2/12Brain part
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Prof. Greg Francis 1/2/12!! 3-D map
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