ICAR Technical Series no. 7 - Nitra Proc.

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JepsenThe cow: The operating milking machine is divided into 5 phases:1. attachment - the first 10 sec.;2. milk ejection - 90 sec.;3. peak flow;4. over milking - change in mouthpiece vacuum;5. detachment – decline in vacuum in the short milk tube and in the mouthpiece chamber.Operator: Vacuum fluctuations caused by attachment or detachment ofother milking units can be noted and may be compared with periodswithout operator functions. Changes in operator habits are cheap and mayimprove vacuum stability but arguments are often lacking. Visualisationof vacuum fluctuations caused by operator functions can be convincing.Hamann, J., 1997; Guidelines for evaluation of the milking process.International Dairy Federation, Brussels, Bulletin of the IDF 321, pp. 26-30.ReferencesInternational Organization for Standardization. 1996; Milkingmachine installations – construction and performance. Geneva, ISO 5707.International Organization for Standardization. 1996; Milkingmachine installations – mechanical tests. Geneva, ISO 6690.Rasmussen M. D., E. L. Decker, L. Jepsen, H. C. Larsen, M. Bjerring,C. B. Christensen, A. Midtgaard and P. Lomborg, 1996. Dynamic testingduring milking. Proceeding 35 th Annual Meeting National Mastitis Council,pp. 170-171.Rasmussen M. D., 1998; Management, milking performance andudder health. Future milk Farming Proceeding 25 th International DairyCongress, Aarhus. pp 174-178.Reinemann D. J., Rasmussen M. D. and Mein G. A., 2001.Instrument requirements and methods for measuring vacuum changes inmilking machines (Approved for publication). American Association ofAgricultural Engineers.ICAR Technical Series - No 7123
Ryšánek et al.Vacuum fluctuation in shortmilk tube during peak milk flowD. Ryšánek 1 , P. Olejník 2 & V. Babák 11Veterinary Research Institute,Hudcova 70, 621 32 Brno, Czech Republic,E-mail: rysanek@vri.cz2Fullwood-CS, s.r.o., Troubsko, Czech RepublicThis paper reports results of field tests on milking units of 16 milkingmachines installed in low-level milking systems of herring bone,auto-tandem and parallel parlours of which 3 were equipped simultaneousand 13 with alternate pulsation. Vacuum was measured with MILKOTEST2004 (Gebrüder Bilgery, Switzerland) connected to the short milk tube atthe time of peak milk flow. The results were processed by correlationanalysis taking nominal vacuum, air vent admission, claw volume, andshort milk tube bore as independent variables and maximum vacuum inthe short milk tube and vacuum fluctuation range as dependent variables.The frequency of excessive vacuum (vacuum maximums exceedingnominal vacuum) and signs of teat injury (teat tip cyanosis, local ischaemia,teat canal eversion, and hyperkeratosis,) were assessed by nonparametriccorrelation. Significance of differences was tested for all variables in milkingunits with simultaneous and alternate pulsation. Significant difference(P < 0.05) was found only for the occurrence of excessive vacuum whichwas higher in units with simultaneous pulsation. Therefore, only variablesfound in systems with alternate pulsation were subjected to correlationanalysis. Highly significant positive correlation was demonstrated betweennominal vacuum and maximum short milk tube vacuum (r = 0.983;P < 0.01). Significant negative correlation was found between air ventadmission and the range of vacuum fluctuation in the short milk tube(r = -0.648; P < 0.05). Significant positive correlation coefficient (0.500) ofnonparametric analysis was obtained only for the frequency of excessivevacuum occurance and hyperkeratosis of teat orifice.SummaryKey words: Milking machine, natural milking, vacuum fluctuation, short milktube, teat injury, dairy cows.ICAR Technical Series - No 7125
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The designationsemployed and thepre
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The organisers of the meeting want
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Milking variables in relation to te
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Modelling of liner behaviour using
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ForewordThe second half of the part
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Rosatiorganizations. The “Lactati
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Rosatito guarantee correctness of s
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RosatiICAR also sponsors books belo
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Technical developments in Slovak co
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de Koning & HuijsmanThe Dutch Quali
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de Koning & Huijsmanare Medicines,
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de Koning & HuijsmanThe pulsation c
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de Koning & HuijsmanBalances which
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Tancin et al.Physiology of milk let
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Tancin et al.In the dairy practice
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Tancin et al.Mayer, H., D. Schams,
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Effect of machine milking on teatIn
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Effect of machine milking on teatBe
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Effect of machine milking on teatTa
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Effect of machine milking on teatNe
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Measurements of vacuum stabilityInt
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Measurements of vacuum stabilityTab
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Measurements of vacuum stabilityFor
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Marnet et al.Comparative study of p
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Marnet et al.production during the
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Marnet et al.prestimulation by the
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Worstorff & BilgeryEffects of liner
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Worstorff & BilgeryTable 1 summaris
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Worstorff & Bilgeryseries 40/32 kPa
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Differential staining of somatic ce
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Different diagnostic measures for m
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Page 73 and 74: Evaluation of milking routine by La
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Page 77 and 78: Fryc et al.The assessment parameter
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Page 81 and 82: Fryc et al.rate. There were three s
Page 83 and 84: Milking devices disturbance on SCCm
Page 85 and 86: Milking devices disturbance on SCCL
Page 87 and 88: Milking devices disturbance on SCCT
Page 89 and 90: Turki & WinnickiMilking variables i
Page 91 and 92: Table1. Milk flow time from in indi
Page 93 and 94: Table 2. First minute milk flow, av
Page 95 and 96: Turki & WinnickiMayer H., Schams D.
Page 97 and 98: Milk recording in GermanyTable 1. E
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Page 111 and 112: Nosal & BilgeryVibrations and vacuu
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Page 115 and 116: Nosal & BilgeryIn case of problems
Page 117 and 118: Testing of vacuum during milkingEva
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Page 127 and 128: de KoningAutomatic milking:Chances
Page 129 and 130: de Koningfor some time after the mi
Page 131 and 132: de KoningMilk quality is without do
Page 133 and 134: de Koningwhen the bulk tank is empt
Page 135 and 136: de KoningLand, A. van ‘t et al, 2
Page 137 and 138: Characterising the farms equipped w
Page 147 and 148: Designing optimal robotic milking b
Page 153 and 154: ArtmannThe effects of automatic mil
Page 155 and 156: ArtmannData was collected on the ma
Page 157 and 158: ArtmannThe differences of the co-ef
Page 159 and 160: BarthEvaluation of somatic cell cou
Page 161 and 162: BarthTable 1. Determined and real m
Page 163 and 164: Barthyield is often a side effect o
Page 165 and 166: Milking parameters in modified milk
Page 167 and 168: Pallas & WendtThe development of ud
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Pallas & WendtTrilk, J. und Münch,
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Udder health and milk low profilesA
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Udder health and milk low profilesD
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AMS in Czech RepublicThis farm size
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AMS in Czech RepublicTable 1. Effec
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AMS in Czech RepublicFigure 1. Stab
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BruckmaierSpecific aspects of milk
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Bruckmaiertowards the end of lactat
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BruckmaierBruckmaier, R.M., D. Scha
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Teat callosity and mastitisResultsT
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de Koning et al.Milking characteris
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de Koning et al.Table 1. Statistica
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Influence of ageing on linersThe re
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Neijenhuis & HogeveenMilking interv
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Knízková et al.Effect of old and
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Knízková et al.Thermograms of the
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Knízková et al.Kunc, P., Knízkov
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Postmilking teat disinfectingIntrod
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Postmilking teat disinfectingNDT an
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Los & MaškováTeatcup hardness aft
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Los & MaškováIt follows from the
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Trends in milking equipmentThe fina
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Olechnowicz & TurkiMilking and milk
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Table 2. Milk components and somati
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Lipinski et al.Effect of some selec
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Lipinski et al.Milk hygiene quality
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Lipinski et al.1. The technical and
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Effect of two milking systems on te
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Effect of two milking systems on te
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Milk quality and mastitis monitorin
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Nitra in ICAR interlaboratory studi
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Botto et al.Effect of ultrasound in
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Báder et al.Change of udder confor
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Báder et al.6050%4030201.scor.2.sc
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Luger et al.Effect of inclination a
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Luger et al.There is no difference
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Harty et al.Modelling of liner beha
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Harty et al.A solid plane was const
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Provolo & SangiorgiUsing daily data
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Provolo & SangiorgiFigure 3. Averag
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Provolo & SangiorgiFigure 7. Cow no
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Provolo & Sangiorgistandardisation
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Cognome/iInhibition of oxytocin rel
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Tancin et al.Milk flow patterns: in
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Szlachta & AleksanderThe influence
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Szlachta & Aleksanderforces in the
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Szlachta & Aleksanderpressure diffe
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List of participantsŠtefan BodoSPU
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List of participantsMarian GregušI
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List of participantsMarija KlopcicD
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List of participantsŠtefan MihinaV
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List of participantsEduard Pravnans
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List of participantsJozef Tonhauser
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ICAR Technical Series no. 7 - Nitra Proc.

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