ICAR Technical Series no. 7 - Nitra Proc.

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Rittershaus et al.cell content was found with a time from the first contact to fixing betweenone minute and 1.25 minutes. If the time up to fixing is too short or longerthan 2 minutes, this affects the udder health negatively. A constant milkingroutine, with a time of one minute between first contact of the udder andfixing of the milking unit, affects udder health thus positively. In thisminute however the udder does not have to be continuously stimulatedor touched.Deutsche Veterinärmedizinische Gesellschaft, 1994;Sachverständigenausschuss „Subklinische Mastitis“ des ArbeitskreisesEutergesundheit“: Leitlinien zur Bekämpfung der Mastitis des Rindes alsHerdenproblem, Kiel.ReferencesInternational Dairy Federation (IDF/IMV), 1981; LaboratoryMethods for use in Mastits work, Bulletin No. 132.Worstorff, H.; A. Dethlefsen, 1994; Richtiges Anrüsten fördert dieMilchhergabe, milchpraxis 32. Jg, H. 3, S. 136 - 139.ICAR Technical Series - No 773
Fryc et al.The assessment parameters of the vacuumregulating device with reducing valveJ. Fryc, J. Los & R. KuklaMendel University of Agriculture and Forestry BrnoZemedelská 1, 613 00 Brno,Czech RepublicE-mail: fryc@mendelu.cz,Using special reducing valve enables reducing the energy consumptionof vacuum pumps. The vacuum pump may be controlled by changes inrotation speed or by switching on and off. This assignment is dealing withthe problems in vacuum tank volume assessment, the values of switch onand switch off vacuum, the vacuum pump efficiency and the pressuredifferential on the reducing valve – the parameters affecting the period ofthe switching cycle.SummaryKey words: Milking machines, vacuum regulating, vacuum pump control.Research and development in the field of milking technology is usuallyfocused on internal links of the biotechnical system man-dairy coworganism-milking machine-environment. There has been a lot of success inthis field, which can be documented by the existence of functional milkingrobots and by the fact that the process of machine milking itself getsaccommodated to the individuality of the dairy cow. A considerably lessattention was so far paid to energy demands of milking machines. And itis exactly these problems that recently appear in the limelight, particularlyin connexion with ecological and economic aspects. Electric energyconsumed in vain does not represent only increased costs for the operator,but also an unnecessary environmental load relating to the generation ofelectric energy. One of the weakest points from the viewpoint of energyutilization is the method of vacuum control.IntroductionIn the classical method of vacuum magnitude regulation the vacuum pumpis passed through by a far greater air volume than required for the operationof milking machine. The method of vacuum control by pressure reducingvalves issues from the pump characteristic at constant speed. It followsthat should we wish to achieve a constant vacuum, the pump must bepassed through by a constant air volume. Regarding the fact that the airMaterial andmethodICAR Technical Series - No 775
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The designationsemployed and thepre
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The organisers of the meeting want
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Milking variables in relation to te
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Modelling of liner behaviour using
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ForewordThe second half of the part
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Rosatiorganizations. The “Lactati
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Rosatito guarantee correctness of s
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RosatiICAR also sponsors books belo
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Technical developments in Slovak co
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Page 25 and 26: de Koning & HuijsmanThe Dutch Quali
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Page 29 and 30: de Koning & HuijsmanThe pulsation c
Page 31 and 32: de Koning & HuijsmanBalances which
Page 33 and 34: Tancin et al.Physiology of milk let
Page 35 and 36: Tancin et al.In the dairy practice
Page 37 and 38: Tancin et al.Mayer, H., D. Schams,
Page 39 and 40: Effect of machine milking on teatIn
Page 41 and 42: Effect of machine milking on teatBe
Page 43 and 44: Effect of machine milking on teatTa
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Page 47 and 48: Measurements of vacuum stabilityInt
Page 49 and 50: Measurements of vacuum stabilityTab
Page 51 and 52: Measurements of vacuum stabilityFor
Page 53 and 54: Marnet et al.Comparative study of p
Page 55 and 56: Marnet et al.production during the
Page 57 and 58: Marnet et al.prestimulation by the
Page 59 and 60: Worstorff & BilgeryEffects of liner
Page 61 and 62: Worstorff & BilgeryTable 1 summaris
Page 63 and 64: Worstorff & Bilgeryseries 40/32 kPa
Page 65 and 66: Differential staining of somatic ce
Page 67 and 68: Different diagnostic measures for m
Page 73 and 74: Evaluation of milking routine by La
Page 75: Evaluation of milking routine by La
Page 79 and 80: Fryc et al.p n[kPa]p n1p n2p npt st
Page 81 and 82: Fryc et al.rate. There were three s
Page 83 and 84: Milking devices disturbance on SCCm
Page 85 and 86: Milking devices disturbance on SCCL
Page 87 and 88: Milking devices disturbance on SCCT
Page 89 and 90: Turki & WinnickiMilking variables i
Page 91 and 92: Table1. Milk flow time from in indi
Page 93 and 94: Table 2. First minute milk flow, av
Page 95 and 96: Turki & WinnickiMayer H., Schams D.
Page 97 and 98: Milk recording in GermanyTable 1. E
Page 99 and 100: Milk recording in GermanyTable 3. A
Page 101 and 102: Milk recording in GermanyTable 5. M
Page 103 and 104: Main fields ofactivities of theGerm
Page 105 and 106: Influence of duration of a and c ph
Page 111 and 112: Nosal & BilgeryVibrations and vacuu
Page 113 and 114: Nosal & BilgerykPa45.645.445.245.04
Page 115 and 116: Nosal & BilgeryIn case of problems
Page 117 and 118: Testing of vacuum during milkingEva
Page 119 and 120: Testing of vacuum during milkingthe
Page 121 and 122: Ryšánek et al.Vacuum fluctuation
Page 123 and 124: Ryšánek et al.Teat injuries were
Page 125 and 126: Ryšánek et al.Particular attentio
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de KoningAutomatic milking:Chances
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de Koningfor some time after the mi
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de KoningMilk quality is without do
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de Koningwhen the bulk tank is empt
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de KoningLand, A. van ‘t et al, 2
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Characterising the farms equipped w
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Designing optimal robotic milking b
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ArtmannThe effects of automatic mil
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ArtmannData was collected on the ma
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ArtmannThe differences of the co-ef
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BarthEvaluation of somatic cell cou
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BarthTable 1. Determined and real m
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Barthyield is often a side effect o
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Milking parameters in modified milk
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Pallas & WendtThe development of ud
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Pallas & WendtSCC (x 1,000) / ml250
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Pallas & WendtTrilk, J. und Münch,
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Udder health and milk low profilesA
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Udder health and milk low profilesD
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AMS in Czech RepublicThis farm size
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AMS in Czech RepublicTable 1. Effec
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AMS in Czech RepublicFigure 1. Stab
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BruckmaierSpecific aspects of milk
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Bruckmaiertowards the end of lactat
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BruckmaierBruckmaier, R.M., D. Scha
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Teat callosity and mastitisResultsT
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de Koning et al.Milking characteris
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de Koning et al.Table 1. Statistica
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Influence of ageing on linersThe re
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Neijenhuis & HogeveenMilking interv
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Knízková et al.Effect of old and
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Knízková et al.Thermograms of the
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Knízková et al.Kunc, P., Knízkov
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Postmilking teat disinfectingIntrod
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Postmilking teat disinfectingNDT an
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Los & MaškováTeatcup hardness aft
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Los & MaškováIt follows from the
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Trends in milking equipmentThe fina
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Olechnowicz & TurkiMilking and milk
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Table 2. Milk components and somati
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Lipinski et al.Effect of some selec
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Lipinski et al.Milk hygiene quality
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Lipinski et al.1. The technical and
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Effect of two milking systems on te
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Effect of two milking systems on te
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Milk quality and mastitis monitorin
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Nitra in ICAR interlaboratory studi
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Botto et al.Effect of ultrasound in
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Báder et al.Change of udder confor
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Báder et al.6050%4030201.scor.2.sc
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Luger et al.Effect of inclination a
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Luger et al.There is no difference
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Harty et al.Modelling of liner beha
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Harty et al.A solid plane was const
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Provolo & SangiorgiUsing daily data
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Provolo & SangiorgiFigure 3. Averag
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Provolo & SangiorgiFigure 7. Cow no
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Provolo & Sangiorgistandardisation
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Cognome/iInhibition of oxytocin rel
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Tancin et al.Milk flow patterns: in
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Szlachta & AleksanderThe influence
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Szlachta & Aleksanderforces in the
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Szlachta & Aleksanderpressure diffe
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List of participantsŠtefan BodoSPU
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List of participantsMarian GregušI
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List of participantsMarija KlopcicD
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List of participantsŠtefan MihinaV
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List of participantsEduard Pravnans
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List of participantsJozef Tonhauser
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ICAR Technical Series no. 7 - Nitra Proc.

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