ICAR Technical Series no. 7 - Nitra Proc.

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Milk flow and somatic cell countsAt the quarter level there was a significant effect of the duration of declinephase on SCC (5.03±0.05 log SCC at < 40s as compared with 5.42±0.04 logSCC at >80s). With the increase of decline phase the peak flow rate increasedbut the time to reach the peak flow and the duration of plateau phasedecreased. During decline phase the vacuum and its fluctuation appearsin the teat sinus in each pulsation when the pulsation chamber is evacuatedand it stops when teat sinus is restricted at the teat bases. It is not clearwhether this fluctuation results in a higher SCC.The duration of decline phase at the quarter level was not related to theduration of blind phase (overmilking) and milk production. Also, therewas no correlation found between duration of blind phase and SCC.Probably overmilking of the single quarters within the udder is not harmfulto secretory tissue but a negative effect on the teat ends and bloodcirculation in teats has to be considered.At the udder level there was no effect of peak flow rate on SCC but at thequarter level the peak flow rate was higher in a group of quarters withlonger duration of decline phase. Are cows with higher peak flow moresusceptible for mastitis because of a high peak flow or longer decline phase?The stage of lactation, time of milking, position of teat and peak flow ratedid not influence the effect of the duration of decline phase on SCC at thequarter level.In conclusion: the cows with longer duration (over 80s) of quarter declinephase had significantly higher SCC in their milk. Whether longer durationof decline phase from quarter is reason or consequence of higher SCC hasto be investigated. To improve the interplay between cow requirementsand machine parameters the quarter milk flow patterns have to beconsidered. The possible effect of quarter flow controlled milking on milkejection and udder health has to be studied.278Conference on "Physiological and technicalaspects of machine milking"
Szlachta & AleksanderThe influence of pulling force in the liner andteat penetration into the liner on basic vacuumparameters of a milking unitJ. Szlachta & K. AleksanderInstitute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University in WroclawUl. Chelmonskiego 37/41, 51-630 Wroclaw, Polande-mail Szlachta@imr.ar.wroc.plThe influence of high liquid flow rate Qm=0-8kg/min, teat penetrationand pulling force in the liner on vacuum milking parameters for Harmonymilking unit was analysed and the empirical formulae were adopted. Ashas been observed, such milking parameters as average vacuum duringthe milking phase (pss), average vacuum decrease during a completepulsation cycle (dp) and the pressure difference between the end of teatand the claw (dp1max1) change its value significantly with the increasingQm. The best value of vacuum fluctuations parameters and dp1max1 wereobserved for pulling force in the liner being in the range of 40-70N. Thisrange of pulling force is also suitable for dp1max1, which oscillates between–0.1 and –0.2 kPa.SummaryKey words: Milking units, liner, measurements, vacuum parameters.Stable vacuum in the teat cup chamber and elimination of the back flowhas the very important requirements influencing the course and conditionsof milking of cows with high milk productivity( Szlachta, 1997; Haman &Dück, 1984; Hamann, 1989).IntroductionThe analysis of vacuum level and teat end pressure during milking showsdifferences in the milk flow rate (O’Shea J. et al., 1976; Nordegren, 1980;Williams and Mein, 1980; Mayntz, Laidig & De Toro, 1990; Szlachta &Wiercioch, 1994; Szlachta et. al., 2000). It should be noticed that stabilisationof vacuum under the teat end demands attention from researchers,especially when it comes to cows with high milk productivity (Szlachta &Wiercioch, 1997). The above-mentioned basic aspects of work of a milkingunit allow us to notice that vacuum is a factor of a great importance. Theconditions of milking also depend on the construction of a milking unit,especially the milk claw volume, liner characteristics and massage pressureICAR Technical Series - No 7279
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The designationsemployed and thepre
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The organisers of the meeting want
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Milking variables in relation to te
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Modelling of liner behaviour using
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ForewordThe second half of the part
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Rosatiorganizations. The “Lactati
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Rosatito guarantee correctness of s
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RosatiICAR also sponsors books belo
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Technical developments in Slovak co
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de Koning & HuijsmanThe Dutch Quali
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de Koning & Huijsmanare Medicines,
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de Koning & HuijsmanThe pulsation c
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de Koning & HuijsmanBalances which
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Tancin et al.Physiology of milk let
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Tancin et al.In the dairy practice
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Tancin et al.Mayer, H., D. Schams,
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Effect of machine milking on teatIn
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Effect of machine milking on teatBe
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Effect of machine milking on teatTa
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Effect of machine milking on teatNe
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Measurements of vacuum stabilityInt
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Measurements of vacuum stabilityTab
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Measurements of vacuum stabilityFor
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Marnet et al.Comparative study of p
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Marnet et al.production during the
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Marnet et al.prestimulation by the
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Worstorff & BilgeryEffects of liner
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Worstorff & BilgeryTable 1 summaris
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Worstorff & Bilgeryseries 40/32 kPa
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Differential staining of somatic ce
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Different diagnostic measures for m
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Evaluation of milking routine by La
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Evaluation of milking routine by La
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Fryc et al.The assessment parameter
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Fryc et al.p n[kPa]p n1p n2p npt st
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Fryc et al.rate. There were three s
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Milking devices disturbance on SCCm
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Milking devices disturbance on SCCL
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Milking devices disturbance on SCCT
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Turki & WinnickiMilking variables i
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Table1. Milk flow time from in indi
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Table 2. First minute milk flow, av
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Turki & WinnickiMayer H., Schams D.
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Milk recording in GermanyTable 1. E
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Milk recording in GermanyTable 3. A
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Milk recording in GermanyTable 5. M
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Main fields ofactivities of theGerm
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Influence of duration of a and c ph
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Nosal & BilgeryVibrations and vacuu
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Nosal & BilgerykPa45.645.445.245.04
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Nosal & BilgeryIn case of problems
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Testing of vacuum during milkingEva
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Testing of vacuum during milkingthe
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Ryšánek et al.Vacuum fluctuation
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Ryšánek et al.Teat injuries were
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Ryšánek et al.Particular attentio
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de KoningAutomatic milking:Chances
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de Koningfor some time after the mi
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de KoningMilk quality is without do
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de Koningwhen the bulk tank is empt
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de KoningLand, A. van ‘t et al, 2
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Characterising the farms equipped w
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Designing optimal robotic milking b
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ArtmannThe effects of automatic mil
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ArtmannData was collected on the ma
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ArtmannThe differences of the co-ef
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BarthEvaluation of somatic cell cou
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BarthTable 1. Determined and real m
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Barthyield is often a side effect o
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Milking parameters in modified milk
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Pallas & WendtThe development of ud
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Pallas & WendtSCC (x 1,000) / ml250
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Pallas & WendtTrilk, J. und Münch,
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Udder health and milk low profilesA
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Udder health and milk low profilesD
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AMS in Czech RepublicThis farm size
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AMS in Czech RepublicTable 1. Effec
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AMS in Czech RepublicFigure 1. Stab
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BruckmaierSpecific aspects of milk
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Bruckmaiertowards the end of lactat
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BruckmaierBruckmaier, R.M., D. Scha
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Teat callosity and mastitisResultsT
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de Koning et al.Milking characteris
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de Koning et al.Table 1. Statistica
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Influence of ageing on linersThe re
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Neijenhuis & HogeveenMilking interv
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Knízková et al.Effect of old and
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Knízková et al.Thermograms of the
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Knízková et al.Kunc, P., Knízkov
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Postmilking teat disinfectingIntrod
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Page 209 and 210: Los & MaškováTeatcup hardness aft
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Page 213 and 214: Trends in milking equipmentThe fina
Page 215 and 216: Olechnowicz & TurkiMilking and milk
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Page 219 and 220: Lipinski et al.Effect of some selec
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Page 225 and 226: Effect of two milking systems on te
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Page 239 and 240: Luger et al.Effect of inclination a
Page 241 and 242: Luger et al.There is no difference
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Page 247 and 248: Provolo & SangiorgiUsing daily data
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Page 253 and 254: Provolo & Sangiorgistandardisation
Page 255 and 256: Cognome/iInhibition of oxytocin rel
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Page 261 and 262: Szlachta & Aleksanderforces in the
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Page 265 and 266: List of participantsŠtefan BodoSPU
Page 267 and 268: List of participantsMarian GregušI
Page 269 and 270: List of participantsMarija KlopcicD
Page 271 and 272: List of participantsŠtefan MihinaV
Page 273 and 274: List of participantsEduard Pravnans
Page 275 and 276: List of participantsJozef Tonhauser
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ICAR Technical Series no. 7 - Nitra Proc.

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