ICAR Technical Series no. 7 - Nitra Proc.

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Effects of liner buckling pressure and teat lengthvacuum drop, the a- phases reduced from 185 to 102 ms (Figure 1). Thelength of the a- phases decreased with increasing TPD and BP effformingan undisturbed BP-sequence.Figure 2 illustrates the c- phase reduction with increasing TPD at 40 kPafor simultaneous and alternate pulsation, respectively. Data for 12.5 kPaBP effwas omitted for clearness because of overlapping with 13.6 kPa. The200a - Phase (ms)175150125100BP sequence (kPa)6,517,950 60 70 80 90 100 110 TPD(mm)Figure 1. A-phase reduction with increased liner Shore hardness and teatpenetration depth (60 c/min, 60% alternate, 40 kPa, 8 kPa vacuum drop).180c- Phase (ms)160140120alternatesimultaneousBP sequence (kPa)17,96,51008050 60 70 80 90 100 110 TPD(mm)Figure 2. C-phase reduction with increased liner Shore hardness and teatpenetration depth (60 c/min, 60%, 40 kPa).58Conference on "Physiological and technicalaspects of machine milking"
Worstorff & Bilgeryseries 40/32 kPa had profiles very similar to alternate pulsation withoutvacuum drop and is not shown either. All recordings yielded parallel linesranked with BP n. C-phases were shortest for 6.5 kPa BP nand longest 17.9kPa BP n. This sequence is opposite to its influence on the a- phase withvacuum drop (Figure 1).ISO tests are carried out with standard teatcup plugs of 59 mm length.While short teats are common in the field, longer teats exist and penetrationincreases during milking (3,9). In the present analysis, teat length increasedliner stiffness and reduced a- and c- phases due to less volume change.Caution is commanded when shortening teat cups to increase clusterflexibility or milkability of low udders because pulsation failure must beexcluded. Effects of a- and c- phase changes will be analysed with regardto liner-open phase and release (10).ImplicationsButler, M.C. & J.E. Hillerton, 1989; Methods of assessing teatcupliner performance. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 44, 77-86ReferencesMein, G.A., M.R. Brown & D.M. Williams, 1983; Pulsation failureas a consequence of milking with short teatcup liners. J. Dairy Res. 50,249-258Ronningen, O. & A.D. Reitan, 1990; Teat lenght and penetrationinto teatcup during milking in Norwegian Red Cattle. J. Dairy Res. 57,165-170Thiel, C.C., P.A. Clough & D.N. Akam, 1964; Mechanics of machinemilking. J. Dairy Res. 31, 303-313Thiel, C.C., P.A. Clough, D.R. Westgarth & D.N. Akam, 1968;Factors affecting vacuum within the teatcup liner during milking. J. DairyRes. 35, 303-316Thum, E., H.-J. Rudovsky & B. z. Linden, 1975; Zur Bestimmungder Grenznut-zungsdauer für Zitzengummis. Agrartechnik 25, 78-81Worstorff, H. & H. Stanzel, H., 1977; Untersuchungen zur Bewegungdes Zitzengummis in Abhängigkeit von Einfaltdruck, Pulszyklus undVakuumhöhe in Melkanlagen. Grdl. Landtechnik 27, 8-12Worstorff, H., 1978; Vakuumverhältnisse im Melkzeug inAbhängigkeit von der Pulsierung. Milchwissenschaft 33, 159-162Worstorff, H. & D. Schätzl, D., 2000; Zur Bedeutung desEinfaltverhaltens von Silicon-Zitzengummis für deren Melkeigenschaften.Milchwissenschaft 55, 183-186Worstorff, H., E. Bilgery & H.H.D. Meyer, 2001; Effects of bucklingpressure and teat length on calculated liner-open phases.Milchwissenschaft, submitted.ICAR Technical Series - No 759
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The designationsemployed and thepre
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The organisers of the meeting want
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Milking variables in relation to te
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Modelling of liner behaviour using
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ForewordThe second half of the part
Page 13 and 14: Rosatiorganizations. The “Lactati
Page 15 and 16: Rosatito guarantee correctness of s
Page 17 and 18: RosatiICAR also sponsors books belo
Page 19 and 20: Technical developments in Slovak co
Page 25 and 26: de Koning & HuijsmanThe Dutch Quali
Page 27 and 28: de Koning & Huijsmanare Medicines,
Page 29 and 30: de Koning & HuijsmanThe pulsation c
Page 31 and 32: de Koning & HuijsmanBalances which
Page 33 and 34: Tancin et al.Physiology of milk let
Page 35 and 36: Tancin et al.In the dairy practice
Page 37 and 38: Tancin et al.Mayer, H., D. Schams,
Page 39 and 40: Effect of machine milking on teatIn
Page 41 and 42: Effect of machine milking on teatBe
Page 43 and 44: Effect of machine milking on teatTa
Page 45 and 46: Effect of machine milking on teatNe
Page 47 and 48: Measurements of vacuum stabilityInt
Page 49 and 50: Measurements of vacuum stabilityTab
Page 51 and 52: Measurements of vacuum stabilityFor
Page 53 and 54: Marnet et al.Comparative study of p
Page 55 and 56: Marnet et al.production during the
Page 57 and 58: Marnet et al.prestimulation by the
Page 59 and 60: Worstorff & BilgeryEffects of liner
Page 61: Worstorff & BilgeryTable 1 summaris
Page 65 and 66: Differential staining of somatic ce
Page 67 and 68: Different diagnostic measures for m
Page 73 and 74: Evaluation of milking routine by La
Page 75 and 76: Evaluation of milking routine by La
Page 77 and 78: Fryc et al.The assessment parameter
Page 79 and 80: Fryc et al.p n[kPa]p n1p n2p npt st
Page 81 and 82: Fryc et al.rate. There were three s
Page 83 and 84: Milking devices disturbance on SCCm
Page 85 and 86: Milking devices disturbance on SCCL
Page 87 and 88: Milking devices disturbance on SCCT
Page 89 and 90: Turki & WinnickiMilking variables i
Page 91 and 92: Table1. Milk flow time from in indi
Page 93 and 94: Table 2. First minute milk flow, av
Page 95 and 96: Turki & WinnickiMayer H., Schams D.
Page 97 and 98: Milk recording in GermanyTable 1. E
Page 99 and 100: Milk recording in GermanyTable 3. A
Page 101 and 102: Milk recording in GermanyTable 5. M
Page 103 and 104: Main fields ofactivities of theGerm
Page 105 and 106: Influence of duration of a and c ph
Page 111 and 112: Nosal & BilgeryVibrations and vacuu
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Nosal & BilgerykPa45.645.445.245.04
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Nosal & BilgeryIn case of problems
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Testing of vacuum during milkingEva
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Testing of vacuum during milkingthe
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Ryšánek et al.Vacuum fluctuation
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Ryšánek et al.Teat injuries were
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Ryšánek et al.Particular attentio
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de KoningAutomatic milking:Chances
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de Koningfor some time after the mi
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de KoningMilk quality is without do
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de Koningwhen the bulk tank is empt
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de KoningLand, A. van ‘t et al, 2
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Characterising the farms equipped w
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Designing optimal robotic milking b
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ArtmannThe effects of automatic mil
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ArtmannData was collected on the ma
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ArtmannThe differences of the co-ef
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BarthEvaluation of somatic cell cou
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BarthTable 1. Determined and real m
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Barthyield is often a side effect o
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Milking parameters in modified milk
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Pallas & WendtThe development of ud
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Pallas & WendtSCC (x 1,000) / ml250
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Pallas & WendtTrilk, J. und Münch,
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Udder health and milk low profilesA
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Udder health and milk low profilesD
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AMS in Czech RepublicThis farm size
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AMS in Czech RepublicTable 1. Effec
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AMS in Czech RepublicFigure 1. Stab
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BruckmaierSpecific aspects of milk
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Bruckmaiertowards the end of lactat
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BruckmaierBruckmaier, R.M., D. Scha
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Teat callosity and mastitisResultsT
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de Koning et al.Milking characteris
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de Koning et al.Table 1. Statistica
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Influence of ageing on linersThe re
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Neijenhuis & HogeveenMilking interv
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Knízková et al.Effect of old and
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Knízková et al.Thermograms of the
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Knízková et al.Kunc, P., Knízkov
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Postmilking teat disinfectingIntrod
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Postmilking teat disinfectingNDT an
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Los & MaškováTeatcup hardness aft
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Los & MaškováIt follows from the
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Trends in milking equipmentThe fina
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Olechnowicz & TurkiMilking and milk
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Table 2. Milk components and somati
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Lipinski et al.Effect of some selec
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Lipinski et al.Milk hygiene quality
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Lipinski et al.1. The technical and
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Effect of two milking systems on te
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Effect of two milking systems on te
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Milk quality and mastitis monitorin
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Nitra in ICAR interlaboratory studi
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Botto et al.Effect of ultrasound in
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Báder et al.Change of udder confor
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Báder et al.6050%4030201.scor.2.sc
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Luger et al.Effect of inclination a
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Luger et al.There is no difference
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Harty et al.Modelling of liner beha
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Harty et al.A solid plane was const
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Provolo & SangiorgiUsing daily data
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Provolo & SangiorgiFigure 3. Averag
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Provolo & SangiorgiFigure 7. Cow no
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Provolo & Sangiorgistandardisation
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Cognome/iInhibition of oxytocin rel
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Tancin et al.Milk flow patterns: in
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Szlachta & AleksanderThe influence
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Szlachta & Aleksanderforces in the
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Szlachta & Aleksanderpressure diffe
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List of participantsŠtefan BodoSPU
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List of participantsMarian GregušI
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List of participantsMarija KlopcicD
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List of participantsŠtefan MihinaV
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List of participantsEduard Pravnans
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List of participantsJozef Tonhauser
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ICAR Technical Series no. 7 - Nitra Proc.

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