ICAR Technical Series no. 7 - Nitra Proc.

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Effect of treatments on qualitythey are sucked deep into cups. This leads to a premature closure of theoutlet of the teat cistern into the teat canal and hence to more milk beingleft in the udder which may result in mastitis (Winnicki, 1995).The proper milking begins with pre-milking, which prevents mixing ofthe milk from teats, and the teat cistern left from the previous milkingwith milk practically free from micro organisms coming from milk bearingducts and secretion tissues.In order to perform mechanical milking dry, it is necessary to load themilking machine with one hand and train the udder with the other. As arule, if machine stripping is performed quickly and efficiently, handstripping is not necessary.The performed investigations showed that;• udder training was used at 60% of farms;• pre-milking was used at 40% of farms;• hand milking dry was used at 36% of farms;• machine stripping with udder training was used at 39% of farms.From the point of view of milk technological suitability as a raw materialdelivered to a dairy plant, its chilling and transport are also very important.According to current purchase standards, milk can be accepted forprocessing at the dairy plant if its temperature does nor exceed 8 o C. As itis well known, the temperature of milk directly after milking ranges from25-30 o C. At this temperature, the speed of bacteria multiplication in milkis so rapid that their numbers double every 25 minutes (Janicki, 1996). Themost common cooling systems among the examined farms were basincoolers (52% farms), while the remaining 48% of farms used can coolers.Polish standards [PN 1992] indicate that the final temperature of cooledmilk from the evening milking should not exceed 4 o C, while that from themorning milking - 10 o C. This difference in the required milk temperatureis associated with the time the obtained milk must stay on the farm. In thecase of evening milking, this period amounts to approximately 14 hours,while in the case of morning milking – only about 2 hours. According tothe above-mentioned standard, the cooling time to the temperature of 10 o Cshould not be longer than 2 hours. Farms equipped in basin milk coolersfulfilled the requirements of the PN standard, while those, which had onlycan coolers were capable of cooling their milk to the temperature of 15 o C.Average distance of the examined farms from purchase points was 1.97 kmand 43% of the dairy farms delivered their milk to purchase points usingtheir own transport and the remaining producers used services of haulagefirms.240Conference on "Physiological and technicalaspects of machine milking"
Lipinski et al.1. The technical and hygiene conditions of components of milkingmachines in the examined farms situated in the area of operation of theDairy Cooperative in Wielun was found satisfactory.Conclusions2. The majority of the examined dairy farms did not carry out treatmentsassociated with pre-milking and hand and mechanical stripping. Only60% of the examined farms conducted udder training.3. The milk cooling conditions found on the examined farms as well as itstransport to purchase points was evaluated as unsatisfactory.Janicki A. 1996: Jakosc i sklad mleka surowego a wymagania iprzydatnosc przetwórcza mleka. FSM WarszawaReferencesNowakowski S. 1996: Nowa norma oceny mleka surowego w Polsce.Produkcja mleka wysokiej jakosci. FSM WarszawaPolskie Normy 1992: Instalacja dojarek mechanicznych. Wymaganiakonstrukcyjne i charakterystyki techniczne. 92/R – 36603Winnicki S. 1995: Zapalenie wymienia a wydajnosc i jakosc mleka.Uwarunkowania produkcji mleka wysokiej jakosci. FAPA KrakówICAR Technical Series - No 7241
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The designationsemployed and thepre
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The organisers of the meeting want
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Milking variables in relation to te
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Modelling of liner behaviour using
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ForewordThe second half of the part
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Rosatiorganizations. The “Lactati
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Rosatito guarantee correctness of s
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RosatiICAR also sponsors books belo
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Technical developments in Slovak co
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de Koning & HuijsmanThe Dutch Quali
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de Koning & Huijsmanare Medicines,
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de Koning & HuijsmanThe pulsation c
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de Koning & HuijsmanBalances which
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Tancin et al.Physiology of milk let
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Tancin et al.In the dairy practice
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Tancin et al.Mayer, H., D. Schams,
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Effect of machine milking on teatIn
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Effect of machine milking on teatBe
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Effect of machine milking on teatTa
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Effect of machine milking on teatNe
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Measurements of vacuum stabilityInt
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Measurements of vacuum stabilityTab
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Measurements of vacuum stabilityFor
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Marnet et al.Comparative study of p
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Marnet et al.production during the
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Marnet et al.prestimulation by the
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Worstorff & BilgeryEffects of liner
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Worstorff & BilgeryTable 1 summaris
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Worstorff & Bilgeryseries 40/32 kPa
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Differential staining of somatic ce
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Different diagnostic measures for m
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Evaluation of milking routine by La
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Evaluation of milking routine by La
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Fryc et al.The assessment parameter
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Fryc et al.p n[kPa]p n1p n2p npt st
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Fryc et al.rate. There were three s
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Milking devices disturbance on SCCm
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Milking devices disturbance on SCCL
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Milking devices disturbance on SCCT
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Turki & WinnickiMilking variables i
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Table1. Milk flow time from in indi
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Table 2. First minute milk flow, av
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Turki & WinnickiMayer H., Schams D.
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Milk recording in GermanyTable 1. E
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Milk recording in GermanyTable 3. A
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Milk recording in GermanyTable 5. M
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Main fields ofactivities of theGerm
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Influence of duration of a and c ph
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Nosal & BilgeryVibrations and vacuu
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Nosal & BilgerykPa45.645.445.245.04
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Nosal & BilgeryIn case of problems
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Testing of vacuum during milkingEva
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Testing of vacuum during milkingthe
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Ryšánek et al.Vacuum fluctuation
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Ryšánek et al.Teat injuries were
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Ryšánek et al.Particular attentio
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de KoningAutomatic milking:Chances
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de Koningfor some time after the mi
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de KoningMilk quality is without do
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de Koningwhen the bulk tank is empt
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de KoningLand, A. van ‘t et al, 2
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Characterising the farms equipped w
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Designing optimal robotic milking b
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ArtmannThe effects of automatic mil
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ArtmannData was collected on the ma
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ArtmannThe differences of the co-ef
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BarthEvaluation of somatic cell cou
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BarthTable 1. Determined and real m
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Barthyield is often a side effect o
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Milking parameters in modified milk
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Pallas & WendtThe development of ud
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Pallas & WendtSCC (x 1,000) / ml250
Page 171 and 172: Pallas & WendtTrilk, J. und Münch,
Page 173 and 174: Udder health and milk low profilesA
Page 175 and 176: Udder health and milk low profilesD
Page 177 and 178: AMS in Czech RepublicThis farm size
Page 179 and 180: AMS in Czech RepublicTable 1. Effec
Page 181 and 182: AMS in Czech RepublicFigure 1. Stab
Page 183 and 184: BruckmaierSpecific aspects of milk
Page 185 and 186: Bruckmaiertowards the end of lactat
Page 187 and 188: BruckmaierBruckmaier, R.M., D. Scha
Page 189 and 190: Teat callosity and mastitisResultsT
Page 191 and 192: de Koning et al.Milking characteris
Page 193 and 194: de Koning et al.Table 1. Statistica
Page 195 and 196: Influence of ageing on linersThe re
Page 197 and 198: Neijenhuis & HogeveenMilking interv
Page 199 and 200: Knízková et al.Effect of old and
Page 201 and 202: Knízková et al.Thermograms of the
Page 203 and 204: Knízková et al.Kunc, P., Knízkov
Page 205 and 206: Postmilking teat disinfectingIntrod
Page 207 and 208: Postmilking teat disinfectingNDT an
Page 209 and 210: Los & MaškováTeatcup hardness aft
Page 211 and 212: Los & MaškováIt follows from the
Page 213 and 214: Trends in milking equipmentThe fina
Page 215 and 216: Olechnowicz & TurkiMilking and milk
Page 217 and 218: Table 2. Milk components and somati
Page 219 and 220: Lipinski et al.Effect of some selec
Page 221: Lipinski et al.Milk hygiene quality
Page 225 and 226: Effect of two milking systems on te
Page 227 and 228: Effect of two milking systems on te
Page 229 and 230: Milk quality and mastitis monitorin
Page 231 and 232: Nitra in ICAR interlaboratory studi
Page 233 and 234: Botto et al.Effect of ultrasound in
Page 235 and 236: Báder et al.Change of udder confor
Page 237 and 238: Báder et al.6050%4030201.scor.2.sc
Page 239 and 240: Luger et al.Effect of inclination a
Page 241 and 242: Luger et al.There is no difference
Page 243 and 244: Harty et al.Modelling of liner beha
Page 245 and 246: Harty et al.A solid plane was const
Page 247 and 248: Provolo & SangiorgiUsing daily data
Page 249 and 250: Provolo & SangiorgiFigure 3. Averag
Page 251 and 252: Provolo & SangiorgiFigure 7. Cow no
Page 253 and 254: Provolo & Sangiorgistandardisation
Page 255 and 256: Cognome/iInhibition of oxytocin rel
Page 257 and 258: Tancin et al.Milk flow patterns: in
Page 259 and 260: Szlachta & AleksanderThe influence
Page 261 and 262: Szlachta & Aleksanderforces in the
Page 263 and 264: Szlachta & Aleksanderpressure diffe
Page 265 and 266: List of participantsŠtefan BodoSPU
Page 267 and 268: List of participantsMarian GregušI
Page 269 and 270: List of participantsMarija KlopcicD
Page 271 and 272: List of participantsŠtefan MihinaV
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List of participantsEduard Pravnans
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List of participantsJozef Tonhauser
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ICAR Technical Series no. 7 - Nitra Proc.

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