ICAR Technical Series no. 7 - Nitra Proc.

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Milking intervals and teat recoveryResultsTeat recovery after milking took a considerable amount of time (Figure 1).Teat wall thickness returned to its premilking state within 6 hours. Teatend width took more than 8 hours to recover. Teat canal length did notrecover within 8 hours of milking. Teat cistern width returned to itspremilking state within 7 hours.Figure 1. Relative changes (%) of teat end width (◆), teat cistern width (●), teatcanal length (▲), and teat wall thickness (■) measured just after milking (0), andat each consecutive hour after milking (1 to 8) compared to the measurementbefore milking (-1).ConclusionThe ultrasonic scanning technique may be a useful research tool to monitorchanges in teat parameters by machine milking. The results showed thatcomplete recovery of teats after milking takes 6 to more than 8 hours.Shorter milking intervals as can be found in automatic milking, may leadto incomplete recovery of teats. This may lead to a build up of teat damage.ReferencesHamann, J., 1987; Effect of machine milking on teat end condition -A literature review. Bull. Int. Dairy Fed. 215, 33-49.Hamann, J. & O. Østerås, 1994; Special Aspects. Teat tissue reactionsto machine milking and new infection risk. Bull. Int. Dairy Fed. 297, 35-41.McDonald, J.S., 1975; Radiographic method for anatomic study ofthe teat canal; changes between milking periods. Am. J. Vet. Res. 36,1241-1242.O’Shea, J., 1987; Machine milking factors affecting mastitis - Aliterature review. Bull. Int. Dairy Fed. 215, 5-32.Schultze, W. D., and S. C. Bright, 1983; Changes in penetrability ofbovine papillary duct to endotoxin after milking. Am. J. Vet. Res. 44,2373-2375.212Conference on "Physiological and technicalaspects of machine milking"
Knízková et al.Effect of old and new rubber liners on teatsevaluated by thermographic methodI. Knízková 1 , P. Kunc 2 , M. Koubková 4 , J. Fluser 3 & O. Dolezal 11Research Institute of Animal Production Uhríneves,104 00 Prague 10, Czech RepublicE-mail:knizkova@vuzv.cz2Czech Agricultural University,165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic3Institute of Information Theory and Automation,182 08 Prague 8, Czech RepublicThe objective of this study was to compare the effect of old (beforeexchange) and new (after exchange) rubber liners by means of the changesof teat surface temperature. Thermographic measurements were conductedin milking parlour 2 x 10 (rapid exit herringbone, vacuum 42.6 kPa) in64 dairy cows. Scheme of measurement was following: 1 st day: eveningmilking - old liners, 2 nd day: morning milking - old liners Þ exchange ofliners, 2 nd day: evening milking - new liners, 3 rd day: morning evening -new liners. Thermal responses of teats were recorded: before milking, aftermilking immediately, 1 st minute postmilking, 2 nd minute milkingpostmilking and 3 rd minute postmilking. The results showed that milkingincreased the temperature of teats. The highest values were obtained aftermilking immediately. New liners increased temperature of teats more thenold liners, but the differences were not significant. The highest decline inteat surface temperature was obtained to 1 minute after milking then thedecline was gradual (2 nd and 3 rd minute). But surface teat temperature wasnot recovery to staring value before milking. The recovery time to initialtemperature of teats will be longer than 3 minutes after milking. Thesignificant injuring of the teats evoked by tested liners was not recorded.Thermography can produce important information where conventionaldiagnostic techniques have exhausted their possibilities.SummaryKey words: Liners, machine milking, teat surface temperature, thermography.ICAR Technical Series - No 7213
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The designationsemployed and thepre
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The organisers of the meeting want
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Milking variables in relation to te
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Modelling of liner behaviour using
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ForewordThe second half of the part
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Rosatiorganizations. The “Lactati
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Rosatito guarantee correctness of s
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RosatiICAR also sponsors books belo
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Technical developments in Slovak co
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de Koning & HuijsmanThe Dutch Quali
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de Koning & Huijsmanare Medicines,
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de Koning & HuijsmanThe pulsation c
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de Koning & HuijsmanBalances which
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Tancin et al.Physiology of milk let
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Tancin et al.In the dairy practice
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Tancin et al.Mayer, H., D. Schams,
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Effect of machine milking on teatIn
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Effect of machine milking on teatBe
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Effect of machine milking on teatTa
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Effect of machine milking on teatNe
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Measurements of vacuum stabilityInt
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Measurements of vacuum stabilityTab
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Measurements of vacuum stabilityFor
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Marnet et al.Comparative study of p
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Marnet et al.production during the
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Marnet et al.prestimulation by the
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Worstorff & BilgeryEffects of liner
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Worstorff & BilgeryTable 1 summaris
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Worstorff & Bilgeryseries 40/32 kPa
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Differential staining of somatic ce
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Different diagnostic measures for m
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Evaluation of milking routine by La
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Evaluation of milking routine by La
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Fryc et al.The assessment parameter
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Fryc et al.p n[kPa]p n1p n2p npt st
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Fryc et al.rate. There were three s
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Milking devices disturbance on SCCm
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Milking devices disturbance on SCCL
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Milking devices disturbance on SCCT
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Turki & WinnickiMilking variables i
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Table1. Milk flow time from in indi
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Table 2. First minute milk flow, av
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Turki & WinnickiMayer H., Schams D.
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Milk recording in GermanyTable 1. E
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Milk recording in GermanyTable 3. A
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Milk recording in GermanyTable 5. M
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Main fields ofactivities of theGerm
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Influence of duration of a and c ph
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Nosal & BilgeryVibrations and vacuu
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Nosal & BilgerykPa45.645.445.245.04
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Nosal & BilgeryIn case of problems
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Testing of vacuum during milkingEva
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Testing of vacuum during milkingthe
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Ryšánek et al.Vacuum fluctuation
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Ryšánek et al.Teat injuries were
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Ryšánek et al.Particular attentio
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de KoningAutomatic milking:Chances
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de Koningfor some time after the mi
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de KoningMilk quality is without do
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de Koningwhen the bulk tank is empt
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de KoningLand, A. van ‘t et al, 2
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Characterising the farms equipped w
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Page 147 and 148: Designing optimal robotic milking b
Page 153 and 154: ArtmannThe effects of automatic mil
Page 155 and 156: ArtmannData was collected on the ma
Page 157 and 158: ArtmannThe differences of the co-ef
Page 159 and 160: BarthEvaluation of somatic cell cou
Page 161 and 162: BarthTable 1. Determined and real m
Page 163 and 164: Barthyield is often a side effect o
Page 165 and 166: Milking parameters in modified milk
Page 167 and 168: Pallas & WendtThe development of ud
Page 169 and 170: Pallas & WendtSCC (x 1,000) / ml250
Page 171 and 172: Pallas & WendtTrilk, J. und Münch,
Page 173 and 174: Udder health and milk low profilesA
Page 175 and 176: Udder health and milk low profilesD
Page 177 and 178: AMS in Czech RepublicThis farm size
Page 179 and 180: AMS in Czech RepublicTable 1. Effec
Page 181 and 182: AMS in Czech RepublicFigure 1. Stab
Page 183 and 184: BruckmaierSpecific aspects of milk
Page 185 and 186: Bruckmaiertowards the end of lactat
Page 187 and 188: BruckmaierBruckmaier, R.M., D. Scha
Page 189 and 190: Teat callosity and mastitisResultsT
Page 191 and 192: de Koning et al.Milking characteris
Page 193 and 194: de Koning et al.Table 1. Statistica
Page 195 and 196: Influence of ageing on linersThe re
Page 197: Neijenhuis & HogeveenMilking interv
Page 201 and 202: Knízková et al.Thermograms of the
Page 203 and 204: Knízková et al.Kunc, P., Knízkov
Page 205 and 206: Postmilking teat disinfectingIntrod
Page 207 and 208: Postmilking teat disinfectingNDT an
Page 209 and 210: Los & MaškováTeatcup hardness aft
Page 211 and 212: Los & MaškováIt follows from the
Page 213 and 214: Trends in milking equipmentThe fina
Page 215 and 216: Olechnowicz & TurkiMilking and milk
Page 217 and 218: Table 2. Milk components and somati
Page 219 and 220: Lipinski et al.Effect of some selec
Page 221 and 222: Lipinski et al.Milk hygiene quality
Page 223 and 224: Lipinski et al.1. The technical and
Page 225 and 226: Effect of two milking systems on te
Page 227 and 228: Effect of two milking systems on te
Page 229 and 230: Milk quality and mastitis monitorin
Page 231 and 232: Nitra in ICAR interlaboratory studi
Page 233 and 234: Botto et al.Effect of ultrasound in
Page 235 and 236: Báder et al.Change of udder confor
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Page 239 and 240: Luger et al.Effect of inclination a
Page 241 and 242: Luger et al.There is no difference
Page 243 and 244: Harty et al.Modelling of liner beha
Page 245 and 246: Harty et al.A solid plane was const
Page 247 and 248: Provolo & SangiorgiUsing daily data
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Provolo & SangiorgiFigure 3. Averag
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Provolo & SangiorgiFigure 7. Cow no
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Provolo & Sangiorgistandardisation
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Cognome/iInhibition of oxytocin rel
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Tancin et al.Milk flow patterns: in
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Szlachta & AleksanderThe influence
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Szlachta & Aleksanderforces in the
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Szlachta & Aleksanderpressure diffe
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List of participantsŠtefan BodoSPU
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List of participantsMarian GregušI
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List of participantsMarija KlopcicD
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List of participantsŠtefan MihinaV
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List of participantsEduard Pravnans
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List of participantsJozef Tonhauser
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ICAR Technical Series no. 7 - Nitra Proc.

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