ICAR Technical Series no. 7 - Nitra Proc.

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Gleeson & O'CallaghanThe effect of two milking systems onbovine teat conditionD.E. Gleeson & E. O’CallaghanTeagasc, Dairy Production Department, Moorepark Research Centre,Fermoy, Co. Cork, IrelandE-mail:davidgleeson@eircom.netThe objective of the study was to measure the effect of wide-bore andnarrow-bore milking principles on bovine teat condition and milkingperformance over a complete lactation. Teat-end hyperkeratosis (T.H), teatcolour and teat textures are indicators of teat condition and were used toevaluate the effectiveness of the milking principles. Cows (n = 56) weremilked as one herd with all milking units removed at a milk flow-rate of0.2 kg/min. There was no significant difference shown in teat conditionbetween the two milking principles. TH scores increased with stage oflactation, for front teats as compared to rear teats and where post-milkingteat-disinfectant was applied. Differences in machine yield were recordedbetween the two milking principles at the AM milking. Where teatcondition is used to evaluate different milking systems, the time of clusterremoval should be controlled before accurate comparison can be made.SummaryKey words: Teat hyperkeratosis, machine milking, liner type.Maximum milk yield and reduced liner slip levels can be achieved usingheavy clusters and wide-bore tapered liners (O’Callaghan,1989). Analternate milking principle incorporates a light cluster weight andnarrow-bore liners. A survey of milking machines by Hillerton et al., 1998showed poor teat condition where machines used the wide-bore linermilking system. Teat-end hyperkeratosis (TH) is a commonly observedcondition in dairy cows and can result from mechanical damage frommachine milking (Sieber, 1980). Wide-bore tapered liners withsimultaneous pulsation give higher levels of milking vacuum than narrowbore liners with alternate pulsation (O’Callaghan and Gleeson, 1999). Theobjective of this study was to measure the effect of these vacuum conditionson teat condition and milking performance over a full lactation using twocluster types.IntroductionICAR Technical Series - No 7243
Effect of two milking systems on teatMaterials andmethodsAutumn calving Friesian type dairy cows (n = 56), were assigned postcalving to two milking treatments. Treatment 1 consisted of a heavy clusterweight (3.20 -kg) with a claw volume of 150 ml, wide bore tapered liners(31.6 mm –21.0 mm) and used simultaneous pulsation. Treatment 2consisted of a light cluster weight (1.65 -kg) with a claw volume of 275 ml,narrow–bore liners (25.0 mm – 20.0 mm) and alternate pulsation. Cowswere milked in a 14-unit swing-over side by side milking parlour, withthe milk elevated into a 60 mm milk-line 1.4 m above the cow standing.The clusters were removed automatically when the milk-flow rate droppedto 0.2 -kg/min. The AM and PM milking interval was 18 and 6 hrsrespectively. Teats were washed with running water and dried with papertowels before cluster application. Milk production (kg), milking timekg/min and peak milk flow-rate was recorded daily. A Chlorohexidineteat disinfectant was applied post milking to right-sided teats and leftsidedteats were left untreated.Teathyperkeratosis,teat texture andcolourTeats were scored for hyperkeratosis (TH) using five classifications scores(0=normal, 1=slightly raised smooth or broken ring, 2=moderate raisedsmooth or broken ring, 3=large smooth or broken ring, 4=extreme brokenring). Teat classification was carried out monthly after PM milking by theauthor using a miner’s headlamp and a personal organiser to store data.Machine milking can cause short-term changes in teat hardness and colour.Teats generally have a pink colour after milking, but some teats becomereddened or blue. One operator unfamiliar with the milking treatments,classified teat barrels for teat texture by manual palpation and teat colourby visual assessment. The teats were scored for texture as soft, firm orrough. All cows teats were examined twice on consecutive days duringmid lactation, and teats were classified within one minute of clusterremoval. Statistical analyses were done using a Kruskal-Wallis one wayanalysis of variance test to compare teat scores between treatments. Teatscore comparisons were also made for front and hind teats using theWilcoxon matched pairs test.Results anddiscussionThere was no significant difference in TH scores for the two treatments ateach month of classification or over the complete lactation (Figure1).TH increased with stage of lactation and was higher for front teats ascompared to rear teats. TH was significantly higher for right-sided teatsas compared to left-sided teats. An increased prevalence of TH has beenreported to occur in dairy cattle during winter months particularly duringcold weather (Timms, et al., 1997). Weather changes during the autumn/winter-milking period and wet teats due to teat-dip application, mayexplain the higher TH scores recorded with right-sided teats. Thepercentage of teats classified as soft, firm or rough and with pink or redcolour are presented in table 1. The number of pink and reddened teats ispresented as a percentage of light coloured teats. There was no difference244Conference on "Physiological and technicalaspects of machine milking"
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The designationsemployed and thepre
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The organisers of the meeting want
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Milking variables in relation to te
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Modelling of liner behaviour using
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ForewordThe second half of the part
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Rosatiorganizations. The “Lactati
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Rosatito guarantee correctness of s
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RosatiICAR also sponsors books belo
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Technical developments in Slovak co
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de Koning & HuijsmanThe Dutch Quali
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de Koning & Huijsmanare Medicines,
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de Koning & HuijsmanThe pulsation c
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de Koning & HuijsmanBalances which
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Tancin et al.Physiology of milk let
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Tancin et al.In the dairy practice
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Tancin et al.Mayer, H., D. Schams,
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Effect of machine milking on teatIn
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Effect of machine milking on teatBe
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Effect of machine milking on teatTa
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Effect of machine milking on teatNe
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Measurements of vacuum stabilityInt
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Measurements of vacuum stabilityTab
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Measurements of vacuum stabilityFor
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Marnet et al.Comparative study of p
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Marnet et al.production during the
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Marnet et al.prestimulation by the
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Worstorff & BilgeryEffects of liner
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Worstorff & BilgeryTable 1 summaris
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Worstorff & Bilgeryseries 40/32 kPa
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Differential staining of somatic ce
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Different diagnostic measures for m
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Evaluation of milking routine by La
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Evaluation of milking routine by La
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Fryc et al.The assessment parameter
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Fryc et al.p n[kPa]p n1p n2p npt st
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Fryc et al.rate. There were three s
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Milking devices disturbance on SCCm
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Milking devices disturbance on SCCL
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Milking devices disturbance on SCCT
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Turki & WinnickiMilking variables i
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Table1. Milk flow time from in indi
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Table 2. First minute milk flow, av
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Turki & WinnickiMayer H., Schams D.
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Milk recording in GermanyTable 1. E
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Milk recording in GermanyTable 3. A
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Milk recording in GermanyTable 5. M
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Main fields ofactivities of theGerm
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Influence of duration of a and c ph
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Nosal & BilgeryVibrations and vacuu
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Nosal & BilgerykPa45.645.445.245.04
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Nosal & BilgeryIn case of problems
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Testing of vacuum during milkingEva
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Testing of vacuum during milkingthe
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Ryšánek et al.Vacuum fluctuation
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Ryšánek et al.Teat injuries were
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Ryšánek et al.Particular attentio
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de KoningAutomatic milking:Chances
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de Koningfor some time after the mi
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de KoningMilk quality is without do
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de KoningLand, A. van ‘t et al, 2
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Characterising the farms equipped w
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Designing optimal robotic milking b
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BarthEvaluation of somatic cell cou
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BarthTable 1. Determined and real m
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Milking parameters in modified milk
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Pallas & WendtThe development of ud
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Pallas & WendtSCC (x 1,000) / ml250
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Pallas & WendtTrilk, J. und Münch,
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Page 177 and 178: AMS in Czech RepublicThis farm size
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Page 183 and 184: BruckmaierSpecific aspects of milk
Page 185 and 186: Bruckmaiertowards the end of lactat
Page 187 and 188: BruckmaierBruckmaier, R.M., D. Scha
Page 189 and 190: Teat callosity and mastitisResultsT
Page 191 and 192: de Koning et al.Milking characteris
Page 193 and 194: de Koning et al.Table 1. Statistica
Page 195 and 196: Influence of ageing on linersThe re
Page 197 and 198: Neijenhuis & HogeveenMilking interv
Page 199 and 200: Knízková et al.Effect of old and
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Page 203 and 204: Knízková et al.Kunc, P., Knízkov
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Page 209 and 210: Los & MaškováTeatcup hardness aft
Page 211 and 212: Los & MaškováIt follows from the
Page 213 and 214: Trends in milking equipmentThe fina
Page 215 and 216: Olechnowicz & TurkiMilking and milk
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Page 227 and 228: Effect of two milking systems on te
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Page 233 and 234: Botto et al.Effect of ultrasound in
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Page 241 and 242: Luger et al.There is no difference
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Page 245 and 246: Harty et al.A solid plane was const
Page 247 and 248: Provolo & SangiorgiUsing daily data
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Page 251 and 252: Provolo & SangiorgiFigure 7. Cow no
Page 253 and 254: Provolo & Sangiorgistandardisation
Page 255 and 256: Cognome/iInhibition of oxytocin rel
Page 257 and 258: Tancin et al.Milk flow patterns: in
Page 259 and 260: Szlachta & AleksanderThe influence
Page 261 and 262: Szlachta & Aleksanderforces in the
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Page 265 and 266: List of participantsŠtefan BodoSPU
Page 267 and 268: List of participantsMarian GregušI
Page 269 and 270: List of participantsMarija KlopcicD
Page 271 and 272: List of participantsŠtefan MihinaV
Page 273 and 274: List of participantsEduard Pravnans
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List of participantsJozef Tonhauser
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ICAR Technical Series no. 7 - Nitra Proc.

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