standards / manuals / guidelines for small hydro development - AHEC

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Up to 630631 to 12501251 to 31503151 to 63006301 to 1250012501 to 25000Above 250014.05.06.257.158.3510.012.533 kV Trans. (MVA)1.001.603.154.005.006.308.0010.0066 kV Trans. (MVA)6.38.010.012.520.056.256.257.157.157.158.358.358.358.358.358.3510.00162531.5101012.5Transformers with lower or higher values of impedance are normally furnished withdifference in cost. The value of transformer impedance should be determined givingconsideration to impacts on selection of interrupting capacities of station breakers and onthe ability of the generators to aid in regulating transmission line voltage. Transformerimpedances should be selected based on system and plant fault study. Impedances shownare subject to a tolerance of plus or minus 10% as per IS:10.0 Transformer EfficiencyTransformer losses represent a considerable economic loss over the life of the powerplant. Standard losses as per CBI & P manual on the basis of optimized design ofmanufacturer is given in table 3 for 11 kV to 66 kV class transformers. Based on theselosses Capitalization for transformer losses should be carried out in accordance with CBI& P manual on transformer Section L enclosed at Annexure 3.3.Table 3: STANDARD LOSSES AT 75 0 CSl.No.(a)Three-phase power rating No-load loss (kW) Load loss (kW)11 kV Transformers (kVA)20031563010001600570 (W)800 (W)1200 (W)1800 (W)2400 (W)3300 (W)4600 (W)7500 (W)11000 (W)15500 (W)3-9
(a)(b)33 kV Transformers (MVA)1.001.603.154.005.006.308.0010.0066 kV Transformers (MVA)6.38.010.012.520.01.82.13.24.04.65.46.17.26.07.18.49.713.08142224273344534048577010211.0 Terminal BushingsConnections for the generator transformers are mostly by power cables for small hydrostations upto 10 MVA rating from generator terminals to power transformer inswitchyard. Bus ducts which could be isolated phase for large units or segregated phasebus ducts for smaller units may be used. Accordingly terminal for the generatortransformers should be as follows:LV Side: LV bushings should be mounted on turrets suitable for connection to busbar in bus ducts. For SHP cable boxes may be provided, if cables are used.HV Side: Solid Porcelain/Oil Communicating and other type bushings upto 36 kVvoltage class in accordance with IS: 3347. The dimensional parameters of the bushingsupto and including 36 kV voltage class should be in accordance with IS: 3347. The ratedcurrent, voltage, Basic Insulation Levels should be in accordance with IS: 2099.66 kV to 220 kV bushings are oil impregnated paper (OIP) type condenser bushings inaccordance with IS 2099 and IEC 137. Dimensions interchange capability current,insulation level and creepage distance for various classes of the bushings should be inaccordance with CBI & P Manual on transformers Section P.The electrical characteristics of bushing insulator shall be in accordance with IS: 2099 asamended from time to time. All type and routine tests shall be carried out in accordancewith IS: 2099. The test voltage for various tests as stipulated in IS: 2099 – 1986 are asfollows:NominalsystemvoltageRated voltage of thebushingOne minute wet anddry power frequencyvoltage withstand testLightning impulsewithstand test 12/50micro sec. kV peak3-10
Page 2 and 3:
Section -1Guide for Design of Outdo
Page 4 and 5:
The terms atmospheric overvoltages
Page 6 and 7:
Table 2.31. Basic Data Example 1.Hi
Page 8 and 9:
Spark gaps specified for fitting to
Page 10 and 11: 2.4.2 Working Safety Clearances125
Page 12 and 13: Highest System Voltage rating kV Sp
Page 14 and 15: 2.6 Insulator TypeTypes of insulato
Page 16 and 17: Bending .. .. 1265 kg/sq.cm.Shear .
Page 18 and 19: v) Installations in difficult site
Page 20 and 21: During maintenance, it is essential
Page 22 and 23: Areva Compact Air Insulated Substat
Page 24 and 25: The bus bar sizes should meet the e
Page 26 and 27: disconnect switch contacts in such
Page 28 and 29: (iv)Electro magnetic type interlock
Page 30 and 31: ) Temperature rise of 11 kV Class C
Page 32 and 33: 4.6 TestsThe CTs shall be provided
Page 34 and 35: 10. 1.2/50 micro seconds impulse 32
Page 36: 7.0 Lightning ArrestorsLightning ar
Page 39 and 40: and this aspect has to be kept in m
Page 41 and 42: Fig. 12.1: Layout of 12 kV Agnoor S
Page 43 and 44: Fig. 12.4 Layout of 72.5 kV Switchy
Page 45 and 46: 464006800 7600 3000LA30002000 2000X
Page 47 and 48: Fig. 12.6:145 kV Outdoor Switchyard
Page 49 and 50: Fig. 12.7: 245 kV Outdoor Switchyar
Page 51 and 52: 2-20
Page 53 and 54: 3.0 Transformer RatingThe full load
Page 55 and 56: OFAFOil Immersed with forced oil ci
Page 57 and 58: The transformer may be operated wit
Page 59: 8.10 Parallel OperationThe transfor
Page 63 and 64: (e)(f)(g)(h)(i)(j)(k)(l)(m)(n)(o)(p
Page 65 and 66: 18.0 Oil Containment and Fire Prote
Page 67 and 68: ) The limits of temperature rise me
Page 69 and 70: Example Calculation -1Generator Tra
Page 71 and 72: TRANSFORMER RATING AND CHARACTERSTI
Page 73 and 74: 3.0 Type of Circuit BreakerFollowin
Page 75 and 76: iii) during arcing of SF6 breaker,
Page 77 and 78: 3.4 Protection Classes for Switchge
Page 79 and 80: The rated voltage is expressed in k
Page 81 and 82: 5.7 Rated Short Circuit Making Curr
Page 83 and 84: Effect of circuit conditions on rec
Page 85 and 86: 5.17 Rated time quantities and oper
Page 87 and 88: 25405017.5 812.516254024 812.516254
Page 89 and 90: component of fault current in addit
Page 91 and 92: Steps involved in applying method a
Page 93 and 94: to earthxvii. Difference in the ins
Page 95 and 96: Datai) Sub transient reactance of g
Page 97 and 98: Annexure-1Current waveAA = envelop
Page 99: Annexure-3Fig. 3.3 Arc extinction4-
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