standards / manuals / guidelines for small hydro development - AHEC

Loss Capitalization formula (Loading factor)Annexure-3.3Method for calculating the loading factors for evaluation of loss capitalization to be specified bythe purchaser as per CBI & P is as follows:The values indicated are typical values and the utility may adopt values different from thoseindicated in case the rates of interest, cost of energy and the number of hours of operation aredifferent from those indicated in the example below. A life expectancy of less than 25 years isnot recommended.Loading factor for no load loss nnA = H E 1 r1/ r 1r = 1rCnn 1/r1 rRate of Expect Number of Cost of 1 +interest ed life hours of energy to r r nr n h E cin perunitoperation ina yearthe utilityat 11 kVlevel0.08 25 8400 E c 1.08 6.8484751 1 nnr 1 r1 n / r 1r 1 A =loadingfactor perkW of ironloss5.84848 10.97477619 Rs.8966xE cLoading factor for copper lossLLF = 0.2 * LF + 0.8 *LF*LF= 0.3B = A x LIF= Rs. 89668 x E c x 0.3 = Rs. 26900 x E cWhere,A = Loading factor in Rs. Per kW of no load lossB = Loading factor in rs. Per kW for load lossH = No. of hours, the transformer will remain charged in a year i.e. no. of operation (taken as8400 hrs.)E c = Cost of energy to the utility at 11 kV levelr = Rate of ineterst per unit (taken as 8 %)n = expected life of the transformer (taken as 25 years)LLF = Loss load factor (where LLF = 0.2 x Load factor + 0.8 x L.F. 2 )LF = Load factor (taken as 0.5)E c = Cost of energy (in rupees per unit at 11 kV feeder level)Note: In case of non-availability of E c (energy cost per unit) at 11 kV feeder level, utilityshould consider the Bulk Rate Tariff plus 5% as the cost of energy at 11 kV feeder level.Load factor considered for B factor is 0.5, higher load factor may be considered for urbanareas.3-19