standards / manuals / guidelines for small hydro development - AHEC

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SI. No.1Criteria2SF 6 circuit breaker 3Vacuum circuit breaker41. Number of operationsbetween servicing,referred to operatingmechanism.500 to 20,000 C-O Operations 10,000 to 20,000 C-O operation2. Service life ofinterrupters5000 to 20,000 Cooperations(Between over hauls)20,000 to 30,000 Cooperations or(manufacturers guidelines)3. Service interval Lubrication of operatingmechanism after 5 to 10 years(if limiting number ofoperations not reached)Lubrication of operatingmechanism after 10 years (iflimiting number of operations notreached.4. Expenditure onoverhaul ofinterrupters.5. Supervision of Circuitbreaker condition.6. Refilling of arcquenching mediaOverhaul involves completedismantling of interrupter.Labour costs high, materialcosts low.Supervision of SF6 gas pressurepossible (Pressure guage withcontacts for remote signalling.)PossibleTester used to checkvacuum level. If necessaryreplace interrupter. Lowlabour costs. High material costs.Checking the insulation andquench media not easily possible-But generally supervision ofvacuum level not necessary(sealed for life)Not possibleIII. RELIABILITY1. Failure rate Lowest (7-13 per 1000 CB-Yrs) Lowest(7-13 per 1000 CB-Yrs)2. Mechanical life Good Excellent3. Fire Hazard Zero Zero4. Interrupting capacity incase of leakage.Switching of rated current stillpossible.Not possibleIV. COST1. Cost of production Sightly higher than VCB -2. Maintenance cost Lowest negligible cost forminimum 10 years.Lowest negligible cost forminimum 10 years.4-5
3.4 Protection Classes for Switchgear InstallationThe protection classes are identified by a compound symbol made up of the two code letters'EP, which always remain the same two digits denoting the degree of protection and, if]required, the supplementary code letter B. The supplementary code letter must be stated if inthe case of switchgear and distribution equipment the protection class is attained onlythrough taking certain measures when the apparatus is installed. The term 'Production class*denotes the complete compound symbol (code letters, code digits and the supplementarycode letter if applicable)Protection ClassIP 4 3 BCodeFirst DigitSecond DigitSupplementaryDegree of protection against contactAnd ingress of foreign bodiesDegree of protection against ingressOf waterSealing material between code letterfloor, ceiling or wallIf in addition to the code letters IP only one code digit for the degree of protection is used, the missingdigits a to be replaced by a dash.eg. IP - 4 (Protectionclass : Splash proof)Degree of protection againstContact and foreign bodies:Degree of protection against waterFirst Description SecondDescriptionDigitDigit0 No Protection 0 No Protection1 Protection against largeforeign bodies1 Protection against vertically gallingwater droplet2 Protection againstmedium sized foreign2 Protection against obliquely fallingwater dropletbodies3 Protection against smallforeign bodies3 Protection against sprayed water(spray proof)4 Protection againstgranular foreign bodies4 Protection against splashing (splashproof)5 Protection against dust 5 Protection against water jet (Hotdeposit6 Protection against ingressof dustproof)6 Protection against inundation7 Protection against immersion in4-6
Page 2 and 3:
Section -1Guide for Design of Outdo
Page 4 and 5:
The terms atmospheric overvoltages
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Table 2.31. Basic Data Example 1.Hi
Page 8 and 9:
Spark gaps specified for fitting to
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2.4.2 Working Safety Clearances125
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Highest System Voltage rating kV Sp
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2.6 Insulator TypeTypes of insulato
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Bending .. .. 1265 kg/sq.cm.Shear .
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v) Installations in difficult site
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During maintenance, it is essential
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Areva Compact Air Insulated Substat
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The bus bar sizes should meet the e
Page 26 and 27: disconnect switch contacts in such
Page 28 and 29: (iv)Electro magnetic type interlock
Page 30 and 31: ) Temperature rise of 11 kV Class C
Page 32 and 33: 4.6 TestsThe CTs shall be provided
Page 34 and 35: 10. 1.2/50 micro seconds impulse 32
Page 36: 7.0 Lightning ArrestorsLightning ar
Page 39 and 40: and this aspect has to be kept in m
Page 41 and 42: Fig. 12.1: Layout of 12 kV Agnoor S
Page 43 and 44: Fig. 12.4 Layout of 72.5 kV Switchy
Page 45 and 46: 464006800 7600 3000LA30002000 2000X
Page 47 and 48: Fig. 12.6:145 kV Outdoor Switchyard
Page 49 and 50: Fig. 12.7: 245 kV Outdoor Switchyar
Page 51 and 52: 2-20
Page 53 and 54: 3.0 Transformer RatingThe full load
Page 55 and 56: OFAFOil Immersed with forced oil ci
Page 57 and 58: The transformer may be operated wit
Page 59 and 60: 8.10 Parallel OperationThe transfor
Page 61 and 62: (a)(b)33 kV Transformers (MVA)1.001
Page 63 and 64: (e)(f)(g)(h)(i)(j)(k)(l)(m)(n)(o)(p
Page 65 and 66: 18.0 Oil Containment and Fire Prote
Page 67 and 68: ) The limits of temperature rise me
Page 69 and 70: Example Calculation -1Generator Tra
Page 71 and 72: TRANSFORMER RATING AND CHARACTERSTI
Page 73 and 74: 3.0 Type of Circuit BreakerFollowin
Page 75: iii) during arcing of SF6 breaker,
Page 79 and 80: The rated voltage is expressed in k
Page 81 and 82: 5.7 Rated Short Circuit Making Curr
Page 83 and 84: Effect of circuit conditions on rec
Page 85 and 86: 5.17 Rated time quantities and oper
Page 87 and 88: 25405017.5 812.516254024 812.516254
Page 89 and 90: component of fault current in addit
Page 91 and 92: Steps involved in applying method a
Page 93 and 94: to earthxvii. Difference in the ins
Page 95 and 96: Datai) Sub transient reactance of g
Page 97 and 98: Annexure-1Current waveAA = envelop
Page 99: Annexure-3Fig. 3.3 Arc extinction4-
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