Archaeological Survey of the Old Federal Road in Alabama

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Figure 5-44. William Barrett Travis house, Claiborne, Monroe County, built ca. 1820-1826; HABS drawingby John N. Brown, Jr., Holmes & Holmes Architects (courtesy of the Historic American Buildings Survey,ALA, 50-CLAB.3- 00001a).Figure 5-45. Perdue Hill Masonic Hall, moved from Claiborne, Monroe County (courtesy of the HistoricAmerican Buildings Survey, ALA, 50-PERHI.1-1 005868pu).137
1 Thomas McAdory Owen, History of Alabama and Dictionary of Alabama Biography (Chicago, IL: S. J. ClarkePublishing Company, 1921). Information regarding Monroe County was found in 2:1032; Conecuh County 1:315.2 “Alabama Legislative Acts,” Alabama Legislature, First Territorial Session January-February 1818, ApprovedFebruary 3, 1818, 96, accessed, August 9, 2011,http://www.legislature.state.al.us/misc/history/acts_and_journals/Acts_1818_Jan-Feb/Page11_pgs_91-100.html.3 Samuel F. Bloomfield, “Description of the Road Cowetah to Tombeckby River” [1806], Joseph Wheaton Papers,Ms 1124, Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia, Athens.4 “Alabama Online Cultural Resource Database,” Office of Archaeological Research, secure website accessedAugust 9, 2011; “Phase I Surveys,” Office of Archaeological Research, secure website accessed August 9, 2011.5 James Stuart, Three Years in North America, in Two Volumes, Volume II (Edinburgh: Printed for Robert Cadell,1833), 217-221.6 Thomas S. Woodward, Woodward’s Reminiscences of the Creek, or Muscogee Indians (Montgomery, AL: Barrett& Wimbish, 1859), 84-85.7 Gregory A. Waselkov, A Conquering Spirit: Fort Mims and the Redstick War of 1813-1814 (Tuscaloosa:University of Alabama Press, 2006), 58, 97-100, 264, 282, 302.8 John Buckner Little, The History of Butler County, Alabama from 1815-1855 (Cincinnati, OH: Elm Street PrintingCompany, 1885), 59-62.9 Brantley, Early Settlers, 116-117; “The Legacy of Burnt Corn,” Legacy (Spring/Summer, 1997):1-4.10 Thomas Owen, History of Alabama and Dictionary, IV: 1730; Brantley, Early Settlers, 7,100.11 William Garrett, Reminiscences of Public Men in Alabama (Atlanta: Plantation Publishing Company’s Press,1872), 282; Brantley, Early Settlers, 99.12 Brantley, Early Settlers, 102.13 “The Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage,” Alabama Historical Commission, The State HistoricalPreservation Office, last updated August 25, 2011, http://preserveala.org/ARdigital/Alabama_Register_Listing.pdf.14 Stuart, Three Years in North America, 217.15 “Conecuh County Census Returns for 1820,” Alabama Historical Quarterly 6:3 (1944): 366.16 “Alabama Online Cultural Resource Database,” Office of Archaeological Research, secure website accessedAugust 9, 2011.17 Reverend B. F. Riley, History of Conecuh County, Alabama (Columbus: GA: Thos. Gilbert, Steam Printer andBook-Binder, 1881), 30, 60-61, 113-114.18 “Alabama Online Cultural Resource Database,” Office of Archaeological Research, secure website accessedAugust 9, 2011; “Phase I Surveys,” Office of Archaeological Research, secure website accessed August 9, 2011.19 Brantley, Early Settlers, 13-17.20 Ibid.,15.21 Deanie Humphrey, “Monroe, Al 1850 Federal Census,” website accessed August 9, 2011,http://www.trackingyourroots.com/data/1850monroecensus.htm22 Brantley, Early Settlers, 10.23 Ibid., 13; Brantley believes the store opened around 1816. The tractbook of Alabama landowners found on theState of Alabama’s Government Records website, http://www.sos.alabama.gov/vb/inquiry/inquiry.aspx?area=Lands,reports that Holley owned the land in 1855. The Bureau of Land Management, General Land Office Record’swebsite, http://www.glorecords.blm.gov/search/default.aspx, dates Holley’s land patent to 1858.24 “1820 State Census, Names of Head of Household for Conecuh County” Ancestry, accessed August 9, 2011,http://www.rootsweb.com/~alconecu/1820Con.txt.25 Brantley, Early Settlers, 13.26 Little, The History of Butler County, 29.27 Colin MacGuire, “A Historical Stop,” Alabama Sunday Magazine (September 29, 1968):1-4.28 “Alabama Online Cultural Resource Database,” Office of Archaeological Research, secure website accessedSeptember 22, 2011; “Phase I Surveys,” Office of Archaeological Research, secure website accessed September 22,2011.29 “Report of David Mitchell, Agent for Indian Affairs, December 10, 1818,” Treaty of Fort Jackson 1814, SpecialActs, Records of the Bureau of Land Management, Record Group 49, National Archives and RecordsAdministration, Silver Springs, MD.30 J. F. H. Claiborne, Life and Times of Gen. Sam Dale, the Mississippi Partisan (New York, NY: Harper &Brothers, 1860), 134-136; H.S. Halbert, and T. H. Ball, The Creek War of 1813 and 1814 (Chicago, IL: Donohue &138
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Table of ContentsList of Figures ..
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Chapter 8: Montgomery County ......
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4-1. Alabama county map highlightin
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6-7. Butler County detail of John L
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10-7. Detail of John LaTourette’s
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Chapter 1Project Goals and MethodsI
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Brief Historical BackgroundThe Old
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the road, and surveyed the relevant
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shown on historic maps, while many
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and other troop units to submit rep
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Figure 1-2. Robert Leslie Smith at
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Figure 1-5. Jeff Ross, Paul Merritt
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Figure 1-7. Annie Crenshaw, Raven C
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newly appointed Commissioner of the
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various historical sources. Phyllis
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Chapter 2Early History of the Old F
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quality stones, copper and mica fro
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would become the southern portion o
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Meigs (U.S. agent to the Cherokees)
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same instant, and the chance of dis
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In his latitude calculations Briggs
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force rapid mail service through an
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Traveling the Federal Road, 1811-18
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According to Hawkins, “Thomas Mer
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Moniac’s “Statement of property
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Federal Road west of Line Creek are
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Figure 2-7. Detail from John Melish
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and 1811 have not been found. In 18
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14 Walter Lowrie and Walter S. Fran
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56 Walter Lowrie and Walter S. Fran
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Piatt at Fort Stoddert. Piatt was i
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Figure 3-4. Detail of Abraham Bradl
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Figure 3-7. Detail of William Darby
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Figure 3-9. Detail of Fletcher Hale
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He also complained Fort Stoddert di
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command of Capt Skyler. The discipl
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Brett McWilliams, a local artifact
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now in poor condition (Figures 3-14
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Historic Sites in Washington County
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19 Gregory A. Waselkov, A Conquerin
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The Old Federal Road traversed the
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Figure 4-4. Detail of James Weakley
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The condition of the Old Federal Ro
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The Old Federal Road crosses the Ba
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Figure 4-12. A possible remnant of
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Historic Sites in Baldwin CountyFor
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Figure 4-16. View of the old Mims
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Page 100 and 101: Figure 4-18. Military buttons from
Page 102 and 103: Figure 4-21. Military artifacts fro
Page 104 and 105: Figure 4-23. Tunstall house on High
Page 106 and 107: Figure 4-26. U.S. military buttons
Page 108 and 109: Historic Sites in Escambia CountyTh
Page 110 and 111: Archives, National Archives and Rec
Page 112 and 113: earlier survey. Segments of the roa
Page 114 and 115: Figure 5-5. Detail of John Melish
Page 116 and 117: Figure 5-8. Detail of John LaTouret
Page 118 and 119: Figure 5-10. Fletcher Hale’s copy
Page 120 and 121: Figure 5-13. The Old Federal Road i
Page 122 and 123: Figure 5-16. Dirt section of Conecu
Page 124 and 125: Figure 5-19. The Old Federal Road i
Page 126 and 127: The portion of the Old Federal Road
Page 128 and 129: McMillan Stage Stop. Scotsman Dunca
Page 130 and 131: Figure 5-26. Map showing McMillan
Page 132 and 133: Figure 5-27. Lowrey’s Store, Post
Page 134 and 135: Dr. Watkins’s House. Dr. John Wat
Page 136 and 137: Longmire’s Inn/Fort Warren. Sever
Page 138 and 139: not be investigated archaeologicall
Page 140 and 141: Figure 5-35. Anderson Stage Stop in
Page 142 and 143: provisions depot. However, when the
Page 144 and 145: When spring 1818 brought more murde
Page 146 and 147: Figure 5-41. William Weakley’s 18
Page 150 and 151: Henneberry, 1895), 241-242; Robert
Page 152 and 153: Figure 6-3. James Weakley’s 1847
Page 154 and 155: Henry Tanner’s 1823 map of Alabam
Page 156 and 157: The Old Federal Road spans the nort
Page 158 and 159: Figure 6-13. Entrenched section of
Page 160 and 161: Figure 6-14. The Palings stage stop
Page 162 and 163: the county. The landowners granted
Page 164 and 165: 1 John Buckner Little, History of B
Page 166 and 167: Figure 7-2. Federal Road on Thomas
Page 168 and 169: John Melish’s 1818 map of Alabama
Page 170 and 171: Figure 7-8. Fletcher Hale’s map d
Page 172 and 173: Figure 7-11. Old Federal Road and G
Page 174 and 175: Figure 7-14. Entrenched section of
Page 176 and 177: morning salute, then turning our ca
Page 178 and 179: Chapter 8Montgomery CountyTracing t
Page 180 and 181: Figure 8-4. Old Federal Road (not l
Page 182 and 183: Figure 8-7. Detail of John Melish
Page 184 and 185: Fletcher Hale’s maps depict the o
Page 186 and 187: A short distance beyond where the G
Page 188 and 189: Where the Old Federal Road crosses
Page 190 and 191: modern Alabama place names, Opelika
Page 192 and 193: stopped “near Macnac’s” to co
Page 194 and 195: prairies which you have frequently
Page 196 and 197: Figure 8-21. Topographic map with a
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Figure 8-22. Unit 2 chronologically
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Pickett says she settled on the eas
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contained 84 gravesites dating from
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16 Clarence Edwin Carter, The Terri
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Figure 9-2. Old Federal Road on Jam
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Figure 9-5. Detail of an anonymous
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east onto County Road 2 (Figure 9-9
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Figure 9-12. The Old Federal Road t
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Figure 9-15. Dirt segment of Boromv
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of Little Prince and Opothle Yoholo
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Redsticks, marched from the Chattah
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Figure 9-19. Fletcher Hale’s map
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Warrior’s sons-in-law Captain Wal
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Chapter 10Russell CountyTracing the
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Figure 10-3. Detail of Abraham Brad
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Figure 10-7. Detail of John LaToure
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Figure 10-10. Old Federal Road on p
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Figure 10-13. Section of Old Federa
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Figure 10-16. The Old Federal Road
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Kendall Lewis, son-in-law of Big Wa
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Fort Mitchell, Creek Agency, and An
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A National Cemetery was created at
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6 Benton, The Very Worst Road, 65-6
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The Old Federal Road RouteOur archa
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We have devoted considerable effort
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Our 1723 Chickasaw map offers a gli
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of the old-growth forests and to pl
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Figure 11-6. Detail from David Tait
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As we have seen, most Americans saw
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towns and settled for a time at Pol
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home on the left, the 1902 Hinson h
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parks or educational centers. The m
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Appendix 1Extracts from Benjamin Ha
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E. Bearing east.32 + c. r. 15/ oak
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N.EBearing northeast.36. path to th
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Course and Admeasurement2 pole Chai
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S. 61 E. 17 “N. 83 E. 7 “N. 82
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E. 16 “S. 83 E. 9 “S. 87 E. 8
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N. 34 E. 14 “N. 30 E. 16 “N. 24
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N. 64 E. 9 “N. 40 E. 9 “N. 25 E
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N. 19 E. 5 “N. 44 E. 7 “[page 5
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N. 72 E. 16 “N. 71 E. 10 “N. 79
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N. 77 E. 5 “N. 69 E. 4 “N. 64 E
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N. 36 E. 7 “N. 54 E. 9 “N. 52 E
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[page 97]N. 61˚ E. 7 Chains. The S
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N. 12 E. 7 “N. 32 E. 10 “N. 36
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N. 66˚ E. 4 ChainsN. 28 E. 7 “N.
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XIIIIIII. Prairies or Glades the qu
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N. 27 E. 1 “N. 1 W. 2 “[page 14
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No 9: Joseph Wheaton to Gideon Gran
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Blue Spruce, Duane, and Tanya Thras
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Ethridge, Robbie, Creek Country: Th
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Potter, Stephen R., and Gregory A.
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Archaeological Survey of the Old Federal Road in Alabama

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