Archaeological Survey of the Old Federal Road in Alabama

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Figure 1-4. Robert Slaughter on his fishing boat in the Alabama River, offshore from the site of Mims’sFerry Landing, June 21, 2011.Due to the relatively small portion of the Old Federal Road in Escambia County (approximately15 miles), a meeting with local historians from both counties seemed appropriate. Jerry Simons (Directorof the Thomas E. McMillan Museum) coordinated the meeting. Several members of the Escambia CountyHistorical Society were in attendance, including Ann Biggs-William, Tom McMillan, and Paul Merritt.Baldwin County native Jeff Ross also participated. Mrs. Biggs-William’s provided us with WilliamLetford’s original 1970s research notes on the Old Federal Road, organized by county, which have provento be an invaluable resource. Letford’s notes were loaned to Mrs. Biggs-Williams by Fritz Currie, whoreceived them from his father, Floyd Currie, a former president of the Escambia County HistoricalSociety. Mr. McMillan is a descendent of Duncan McMillan, owner of a stage stop site we targeted forsurvey in Monroe County. He granted us full access to historical documents housed at the McMillan Trustin downtown Brewton.Jeff Ross, Paul Merritt, and Ann Biggs-Williams then led us on a tour of the Old Federal Road inEscambia and Baldwin counties (Figure 1-5). In addition to the route of the road and later branches usedfor stage coach travel, we visited Jack Springs, Lottie, Hadley Stage Stop, Montpelier, and WilliamWeatherford’s gravesite. Tom Bradley II and Tom Bradley III, owners of Montpelier in Baldwin County,were invited to the meeting, but were unable to attend.13
Figure 1-5. Jeff Ross, Paul Merritt, and Ann Biggs-Williams (L-R) on the Old Federal Road in Escambia andBaldwin counties, December 15, 2010.The Old Federal Road formed most of the boundary line between Monroe and Conecuh countiesever since the latter was created in 1818. During an initial drive of the road on November 11, 2010, wephotographed and recorded GPS coordinates for historic churches, cemeteries, and other structures. Ameeting for both counties occurred on December 3, 2010 at the Monroe County Public Library inMonroeville (Figure 1-6). Al Nettles, active member of the Monroe County Heritage Museum andnumerous genealogical societies, helped organize the meeting. Attendees included Monroe CountyHeritage Museum employee Wanda Green, long-time resident Rayford McNeil, and retired 911emergency manager Bob Steward. McNeil and Nettles led the tour of the road. McNeil owns an 1830sdogtrot frame house on the branch of the Old Federal Road from Burnt Corn to Claiborne. A wellpreservedentrenched section of the road is located adjacent to the house. After driving much of that roadbranch, we visited Burnt Corn and the home of Dr. Watkins.14
Page 2 and 3: Table of ContentsList of Figures ..
Page 4 and 5: Chapter 8: Montgomery County ......
Page 6 and 7: 4-1. Alabama county map highlightin
Page 8 and 9: 6-7. Butler County detail of John L
Page 10 and 11: 10-7. Detail of John LaTourette’s
Page 12 and 13: Chapter 1Project Goals and MethodsI
Page 14 and 15: Brief Historical BackgroundThe Old
Page 16 and 17: the road, and surveyed the relevant
Page 19 and 20: shown on historic maps, while many
Page 21 and 22: and other troop units to submit rep
Page 23: Figure 1-2. Robert Leslie Smith at
Page 27 and 28: Figure 1-7. Annie Crenshaw, Raven C
Page 29 and 30: newly appointed Commissioner of the
Page 31 and 32: various historical sources. Phyllis
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 2Early History of the Old F
Page 35: quality stones, copper and mica fro
Page 38 and 39: would become the southern portion o
Page 40 and 41: Meigs (U.S. agent to the Cherokees)
Page 42 and 43: same instant, and the chance of dis
Page 44 and 45: In his latitude calculations Briggs
Page 46 and 47: force rapid mail service through an
Page 48 and 49: Traveling the Federal Road, 1811-18
Page 50 and 51: According to Hawkins, “Thomas Mer
Page 52 and 53: Moniac’s “Statement of property
Page 54 and 55: Federal Road west of Line Creek are
Page 56 and 57: Figure 2-7. Detail from John Melish
Page 58 and 59: and 1811 have not been found. In 18
Page 60 and 61: 14 Walter Lowrie and Walter S. Fran
Page 62 and 63: 56 Walter Lowrie and Walter S. Fran
Page 64 and 65: Piatt at Fort Stoddert. Piatt was i
Page 66 and 67: Figure 3-4. Detail of Abraham Bradl
Page 68 and 69: Figure 3-7. Detail of William Darby
Page 70 and 71: Figure 3-9. Detail of Fletcher Hale
Page 72 and 73: He also complained Fort Stoddert di
Page 74 and 75:
command of Capt Skyler. The discipl
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Brett McWilliams, a local artifact
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now in poor condition (Figures 3-14
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Historic Sites in Washington County
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19 Gregory A. Waselkov, A Conquerin
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The Old Federal Road traversed the
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Figure 4-4. Detail of James Weakley
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The condition of the Old Federal Ro
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The Old Federal Road crosses the Ba
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Figure 4-12. A possible remnant of
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Historic Sites in Baldwin CountyFor
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Figure 4-16. View of the old Mims
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and were not accessible for revisit
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Figure 4-18. Military buttons from
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Figure 4-21. Military artifacts fro
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Figure 4-23. Tunstall house on High
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Figure 4-26. U.S. military buttons
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Historic Sites in Escambia CountyTh
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Archives, National Archives and Rec
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earlier survey. Segments of the roa
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Figure 5-5. Detail of John Melish
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Figure 5-8. Detail of John LaTouret
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Figure 5-10. Fletcher Hale’s copy
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Figure 5-13. The Old Federal Road i
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Figure 5-16. Dirt section of Conecu
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Figure 5-19. The Old Federal Road i
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The portion of the Old Federal Road
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McMillan Stage Stop. Scotsman Dunca
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Figure 5-26. Map showing McMillan
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Figure 5-27. Lowrey’s Store, Post
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Dr. Watkins’s House. Dr. John Wat
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Longmire’s Inn/Fort Warren. Sever
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not be investigated archaeologicall
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Figure 5-35. Anderson Stage Stop in
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provisions depot. However, when the
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When spring 1818 brought more murde
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Figure 5-41. William Weakley’s 18
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Figure 5-44. William Barrett Travis
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Henneberry, 1895), 241-242; Robert
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Figure 6-3. James Weakley’s 1847
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Henry Tanner’s 1823 map of Alabam
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The Old Federal Road spans the nort
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Figure 6-13. Entrenched section of
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Figure 6-14. The Palings stage stop
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the county. The landowners granted
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1 John Buckner Little, History of B
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Figure 7-2. Federal Road on Thomas
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John Melish’s 1818 map of Alabama
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Figure 7-8. Fletcher Hale’s map d
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Figure 7-11. Old Federal Road and G
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Figure 7-14. Entrenched section of
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morning salute, then turning our ca
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Chapter 8Montgomery CountyTracing t
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Figure 8-4. Old Federal Road (not l
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Figure 8-7. Detail of John Melish
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Fletcher Hale’s maps depict the o
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A short distance beyond where the G
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Where the Old Federal Road crosses
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modern Alabama place names, Opelika
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stopped “near Macnac’s” to co
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prairies which you have frequently
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Figure 8-21. Topographic map with a
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Figure 8-22. Unit 2 chronologically
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Pickett says she settled on the eas
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contained 84 gravesites dating from
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16 Clarence Edwin Carter, The Terri
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Figure 9-2. Old Federal Road on Jam
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Figure 9-5. Detail of an anonymous
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east onto County Road 2 (Figure 9-9
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Figure 9-12. The Old Federal Road t
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Figure 9-15. Dirt segment of Boromv
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of Little Prince and Opothle Yoholo
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Redsticks, marched from the Chattah
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Figure 9-19. Fletcher Hale’s map
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Warrior’s sons-in-law Captain Wal
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Chapter 10Russell CountyTracing the
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Figure 10-3. Detail of Abraham Brad
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Figure 10-7. Detail of John LaToure
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Figure 10-10. Old Federal Road on p
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Figure 10-13. Section of Old Federa
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Figure 10-16. The Old Federal Road
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Kendall Lewis, son-in-law of Big Wa
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Fort Mitchell, Creek Agency, and An
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A National Cemetery was created at
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6 Benton, The Very Worst Road, 65-6
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The Old Federal Road RouteOur archa
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We have devoted considerable effort
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Our 1723 Chickasaw map offers a gli
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of the old-growth forests and to pl
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Figure 11-6. Detail from David Tait
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As we have seen, most Americans saw
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towns and settled for a time at Pol
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home on the left, the 1902 Hinson h
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parks or educational centers. The m
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Appendix 1Extracts from Benjamin Ha
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E. Bearing east.32 + c. r. 15/ oak
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N.EBearing northeast.36. path to th
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Course and Admeasurement2 pole Chai
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S. 61 E. 17 “N. 83 E. 7 “N. 82
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E. 16 “S. 83 E. 9 “S. 87 E. 8
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N. 34 E. 14 “N. 30 E. 16 “N. 24
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N. 64 E. 9 “N. 40 E. 9 “N. 25 E
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N. 19 E. 5 “N. 44 E. 7 “[page 5
Page 280 and 281:
N. 72 E. 16 “N. 71 E. 10 “N. 79
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N. 77 E. 5 “N. 69 E. 4 “N. 64 E
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N. 36 E. 7 “N. 54 E. 9 “N. 52 E
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[page 97]N. 61˚ E. 7 Chains. The S
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N. 12 E. 7 “N. 32 E. 10 “N. 36
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N. 66˚ E. 4 ChainsN. 28 E. 7 “N.
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XIIIIIII. Prairies or Glades the qu
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N. 27 E. 1 “N. 1 W. 2 “[page 14
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No 9: Joseph Wheaton to Gideon Gran
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Blue Spruce, Duane, and Tanya Thras
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Ethridge, Robbie, Creek Country: Th
Page 302 and 303:
Potter, Stephen R., and Gregory A.
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Archaeological Survey of the Old Federal Road in Alabama

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