Archaeological Survey of the Old Federal Road in Alabama

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Chapter 8: Montgomery County ............................................................................................ 167Tracing the Old Federal Road .......................................................................................... 167Historic Sites in Montgomery County .................................................................................. 178Manack’s Store ................................................................................................................. 178Mount Meigs ..................................................................................................................... 187Milly’s Stand .................................................................................................................... 188Lucas’s Tavern .................................................................................................................. 188Chapter 9: Macon County ...................................................................................................... 193Tracing the Old Federal Road .......................................................................................... 193Historic Sites in Macon County ............................................................................................ 202Polecat Springs .................................................................................................................. 202Fort Hull/Battle of Calebee ............................................................................................... 205Warrior Stand and Creek Stand ........................................................................................ 209Chapter 10: Russell County ................................................................................................... 212Tracing the Old Federal Road .......................................................................................... 212Historic Sites in Russell County ........................................................................................... 222Fort Bainbridge and Lewis’s Tavern ................................................................................ 222Sand Fort and Royston’s Tavern ....................................................................................... 225Fort Mitchell, Creek Agency, and Anthony’s Tavern ...................................................... 226Chapter 11: Conclusions and Recommendations from the Old Federal Road Project ......... 231Landscape Archaeology and the Old Federal Road ......................................................... 231The Old Federal Road Route ................................................................................................ 232Conclusions and Recommendations ..................................................................................... 246Appendix 1: Extracts from Benjamin Hawkins’s “A Viatory” ................................................. 250Appendix 2: Lieutenant Luckett’s Notes of a Survey ................................................................ 255References .................................................................................................................................. 283Attachment: Old Federal Road Geographical Information System (GIS) Files (including routeshape files and georeferenced General Land Office plats) .......................... in back cover pocketiv
List of Figures1-1. The route of the Old Federal Road across Alabama, circa 1830 . ................................... 21-2. Robert Leslie Smith at his “North Latham Boat Works,” October 21, 2010 ................. 121-3. The Old Federal Road in Baldwin County ..................................................................... 121-4. Robert Slaughter on his fishing boat in the Alabama River ........................................... 131-5. Jeff Ross, Paul Merritt, and Ann Biggs-Williams in Escambia County ......................... 141-6. The Old Federal Road meeting in Monroeville, Monroe County .................................. 151-7. The Old Federal Road meeting in Greenville, Butler County ........................................ 161-8. Eric Cates, Annie Crenshaw, and Raven Christopher at Fort Dale Cemetery ............... 161-9. Joe Barganier and Bill Bates on the Old Federal Road in Lowndes County .................. 171-10. The Old Federal Road meeting at the Alabama Department of Archives and History .. 181-11. The Old Federal Road meeting at the Shorter Police Department, Macon County ....... 191-12. Wade Segrist in Shorter and Glenn Drummond at Fort Decatur monument .................. 191-13. Phyllis and Newell Floyd on the Old Federal Road, Russell County ............................. 202-1. Detail of Baron de Crenay’s 1733 map of French colonial Louisiana ........................... 222-2. Some trails through the southwestern part of the Creek Nation ..................................... 272-3. Detail from Abraham Bradley’s 1796 A Map of the United States ................................. 282-4. Detail from Abraham Bradley’s 1812 A Map of the United States ................................. 312-5. General Joseph Graham’s 1814 sketch of Fort Bainbridge ............................................. 422-6. Location of Samuel Moniac’s house (Manack’s Store) ................................................. 432-7. Detail from John Melish’s Map of Alabama ................................................................... 453-1. Map of Alabama highlighting Mobile and Washington Counties ................................... 523-2. Old Federal Road and ancillary roads in Mobile and Washington Counties .................. 533-3. Detail of Anonymous map of the “Tombeckby & Tensaw” settlements ........................ 543-4. Detail of Abraham Bradley’s 1812 Postal Route Map of the United States ................... 553-5. Detail of Maxfield Ludlow’s 1816 map .......................................................................... 563-6. Detail of John Melish’s 1818 map of Alabama Territory ................................................ 563-7. Detail of William Darby’s 1824 map of Alabama ......................................................... 573-8. Detail of John LaTourette’s 1838 map of Alabama ........................................................ 573-9. Detail of Fletcher Hale’s Mobile County map, 1948 ...................................................... 593-10. Second issue of The Mobile Centinel .............................................................................. 623-11. The Fort Stoddert site on the Mobile River ..................................................................... 643-12. Buttons from the Fort Stoddert site, 1799-1814 .............................................................. 653-13. Artifacts from the Fort Stoddert site, 1799-1814 ............................................................ 653-14. Mount Vernon Arsenal Administration Building ............................................................ 673-15. Mount Vernon Arsenal Barracks ..................................................................................... 673-16. Mount Vernon Arsenal Administration Building Cell Door ........................................... 683-17. Mount Vernon Arsenal South Gate ................................................................................. 683-18. Detail of Thomas Freeman’s survey plat ........................................................................ 69v
Page 2 and 3: Table of ContentsList of Figures ..
Page 6 and 7: 4-1. Alabama county map highlightin
Page 8 and 9: 6-7. Butler County detail of John L
Page 10 and 11: 10-7. Detail of John LaTourette’s
Page 12 and 13: Chapter 1Project Goals and MethodsI
Page 14 and 15: Brief Historical BackgroundThe Old
Page 16 and 17: the road, and surveyed the relevant
Page 19 and 20: shown on historic maps, while many
Page 21 and 22: and other troop units to submit rep
Page 23 and 24: Figure 1-2. Robert Leslie Smith at
Page 25 and 26: Figure 1-5. Jeff Ross, Paul Merritt
Page 27 and 28: Figure 1-7. Annie Crenshaw, Raven C
Page 29 and 30: newly appointed Commissioner of the
Page 31 and 32: various historical sources. Phyllis
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 2Early History of the Old F
Page 35: quality stones, copper and mica fro
Page 38 and 39: would become the southern portion o
Page 40 and 41: Meigs (U.S. agent to the Cherokees)
Page 42 and 43: same instant, and the chance of dis
Page 44 and 45: In his latitude calculations Briggs
Page 46 and 47: force rapid mail service through an
Page 48 and 49: Traveling the Federal Road, 1811-18
Page 50 and 51: According to Hawkins, “Thomas Mer
Page 52 and 53: Moniac’s “Statement of property
Page 54 and 55:
Federal Road west of Line Creek are
Page 56 and 57:
Figure 2-7. Detail from John Melish
Page 58 and 59:
and 1811 have not been found. In 18
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14 Walter Lowrie and Walter S. Fran
Page 62 and 63:
56 Walter Lowrie and Walter S. Fran
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Piatt at Fort Stoddert. Piatt was i
Page 66 and 67:
Figure 3-4. Detail of Abraham Bradl
Page 68 and 69:
Figure 3-7. Detail of William Darby
Page 70 and 71:
Figure 3-9. Detail of Fletcher Hale
Page 72 and 73:
He also complained Fort Stoddert di
Page 74 and 75:
command of Capt Skyler. The discipl
Page 76 and 77:
Brett McWilliams, a local artifact
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now in poor condition (Figures 3-14
Page 80 and 81:
Historic Sites in Washington County
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19 Gregory A. Waselkov, A Conquerin
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The Old Federal Road traversed the
Page 86 and 87:
Figure 4-4. Detail of James Weakley
Page 88 and 89:
The condition of the Old Federal Ro
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The Old Federal Road crosses the Ba
Page 92 and 93:
Figure 4-12. A possible remnant of
Page 94 and 95:
Historic Sites in Baldwin CountyFor
Page 96 and 97:
Figure 4-16. View of the old Mims
Page 98 and 99:
and were not accessible for revisit
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Figure 4-18. Military buttons from
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Figure 4-21. Military artifacts fro
Page 104 and 105:
Figure 4-23. Tunstall house on High
Page 106 and 107:
Figure 4-26. U.S. military buttons
Page 108 and 109:
Historic Sites in Escambia CountyTh
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Archives, National Archives and Rec
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earlier survey. Segments of the roa
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Figure 5-5. Detail of John Melish
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Figure 5-8. Detail of John LaTouret
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Figure 5-10. Fletcher Hale’s copy
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Figure 5-13. The Old Federal Road i
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Figure 5-16. Dirt section of Conecu
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Figure 5-19. The Old Federal Road i
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The portion of the Old Federal Road
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McMillan Stage Stop. Scotsman Dunca
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Figure 5-26. Map showing McMillan
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Figure 5-27. Lowrey’s Store, Post
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Dr. Watkins’s House. Dr. John Wat
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Longmire’s Inn/Fort Warren. Sever
Page 138 and 139:
not be investigated archaeologicall
Page 140 and 141:
Figure 5-35. Anderson Stage Stop in
Page 142 and 143:
provisions depot. However, when the
Page 144 and 145:
When spring 1818 brought more murde
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Figure 5-41. William Weakley’s 18
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Figure 5-44. William Barrett Travis
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Henneberry, 1895), 241-242; Robert
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Figure 6-3. James Weakley’s 1847
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Henry Tanner’s 1823 map of Alabam
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The Old Federal Road spans the nort
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Figure 6-13. Entrenched section of
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Figure 6-14. The Palings stage stop
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the county. The landowners granted
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1 John Buckner Little, History of B
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Figure 7-2. Federal Road on Thomas
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John Melish’s 1818 map of Alabama
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Figure 7-8. Fletcher Hale’s map d
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Figure 7-11. Old Federal Road and G
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Figure 7-14. Entrenched section of
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morning salute, then turning our ca
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Chapter 8Montgomery CountyTracing t
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Figure 8-4. Old Federal Road (not l
Page 182 and 183:
Figure 8-7. Detail of John Melish
Page 184 and 185:
Fletcher Hale’s maps depict the o
Page 186 and 187:
A short distance beyond where the G
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Where the Old Federal Road crosses
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modern Alabama place names, Opelika
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stopped “near Macnac’s” to co
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prairies which you have frequently
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Figure 8-21. Topographic map with a
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Figure 8-22. Unit 2 chronologically
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Pickett says she settled on the eas
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contained 84 gravesites dating from
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16 Clarence Edwin Carter, The Terri
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Figure 9-2. Old Federal Road on Jam
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Figure 9-5. Detail of an anonymous
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east onto County Road 2 (Figure 9-9
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Figure 9-12. The Old Federal Road t
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Figure 9-15. Dirt segment of Boromv
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of Little Prince and Opothle Yoholo
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Redsticks, marched from the Chattah
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Figure 9-19. Fletcher Hale’s map
Page 222 and 223:
Warrior’s sons-in-law Captain Wal
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Chapter 10Russell CountyTracing the
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Figure 10-3. Detail of Abraham Brad
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Figure 10-7. Detail of John LaToure
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Figure 10-10. Old Federal Road on p
Page 232 and 233:
Figure 10-13. Section of Old Federa
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Figure 10-16. The Old Federal Road
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Kendall Lewis, son-in-law of Big Wa
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Fort Mitchell, Creek Agency, and An
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A National Cemetery was created at
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6 Benton, The Very Worst Road, 65-6
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The Old Federal Road RouteOur archa
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We have devoted considerable effort
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Our 1723 Chickasaw map offers a gli
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of the old-growth forests and to pl
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Figure 11-6. Detail from David Tait
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As we have seen, most Americans saw
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towns and settled for a time at Pol
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home on the left, the 1902 Hinson h
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parks or educational centers. The m
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Appendix 1Extracts from Benjamin Ha
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E. Bearing east.32 + c. r. 15/ oak
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N.EBearing northeast.36. path to th
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Course and Admeasurement2 pole Chai
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S. 61 E. 17 “N. 83 E. 7 “N. 82
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E. 16 “S. 83 E. 9 “S. 87 E. 8
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N. 34 E. 14 “N. 30 E. 16 “N. 24
Page 276 and 277:
N. 64 E. 9 “N. 40 E. 9 “N. 25 E
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N. 19 E. 5 “N. 44 E. 7 “[page 5
Page 280 and 281:
N. 72 E. 16 “N. 71 E. 10 “N. 79
Page 282 and 283:
N. 77 E. 5 “N. 69 E. 4 “N. 64 E
Page 284 and 285:
N. 36 E. 7 “N. 54 E. 9 “N. 52 E
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[page 97]N. 61˚ E. 7 Chains. The S
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N. 12 E. 7 “N. 32 E. 10 “N. 36
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N. 66˚ E. 4 ChainsN. 28 E. 7 “N.
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XIIIIIII. Prairies or Glades the qu
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N. 27 E. 1 “N. 1 W. 2 “[page 14
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No 9: Joseph Wheaton to Gideon Gran
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Blue Spruce, Duane, and Tanya Thras
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Ethridge, Robbie, Creek Country: Th
Page 302 and 303:
Potter, Stephen R., and Gregory A.
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Archaeological Survey of the Old Federal Road in Alabama

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