Archaeological Survey of the Old Federal Road in Alabama

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Blue Spruce, Duane, and Tanya Thrasher, editors, The Land Has Memory: Indigenous Knowledge, NativeLandscapes, and the National Museum of the American Indian (Chapel Hill, NC: University ofNorth Carolina Press, 2008).Brackner, Joey, “Elder Benjamin Lloyd and His Hymn Book,) in Benjamin Lloyd’s Hymn Book: APrimitive Baptist Song Tradition, edited by Joyce H. Cauthen, pp. 56-76 (Montgomery, AL:Alabama Folklife Association, 1999).Bradley, Abraham, Jr., A Map of the United States Exhibiting the Post-Roads, the situations, connections& distances of the Post-Offices, Stage Roads, Counties, Ports of Entry and Delivery for ForeignVessels, and the Principal Rivers ( Philadelphia, PA: W. Harrison, Jr., and J. Smither, 1796).Bradley, Abraham, Jr., A Map of the United States Exhibiting the Post-Roads, the situations, connexions& distances of the Post-Offices, Stage Roads, Counties, & Principal Rivers (Philadelphia, PA:Francis Shallus, 1812).Brannon, Peter A. “Fort Hull of 1814: A Record of a Pioneer Post Established in the Present MaconCounty,” Arrow Points 14 (1, March 1929):6-11.Brannon, Peter A., “Pole Cat Springs Agency” Arrow Points 10 (2, February, 1925):24-26.Brannon, Peter A., “The Federal Road: Alabama’s First Improved Highway,” Bulletin of the AlabamaDepartment of Archives and History 2 (5, November 1925):61-69.Brannon, Peter A., “The Federal Road—Alabama’s First Improved Highway,” Alabama Highways 1 (1,April 1927):7-10, 19.Brantley, Mary E., Early Settlers along the Old Federal Road in Monroe and Conecuh Counties Alabama(Baltimore, MD: Gateway Press, 1976).Brantley, William H., Jr., Three Capitals: A Book about the First Three Capitals of Alabama: St.Stephens, Huntsville & Cahawba, 1818-1826 (Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press,1976).Branton, Nicole, “Landscape Approaches in Historical Archaeology: The Archaeology of Places,” inInternational Handbook of Historical Archaeology, edited by Teresita Majewski and DavidGaimster, pp. 51-65 (New York, NY: Springer, 2009).Brigham, Clarence S., History and Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1690-1820, two volumes(Worcester, MA: American Antiquarian Society, 1947).Bryan, Mary G., Passports Issued by Governors of Georgia, 1810 to 1820, Special Publication no. 29(Washington, DC: National Genealogical Society, 1964).Buckington, James Silk, The Slave States of America, two volumes (London: Fisher, Son, and Company,1842).Burnette, O., Lawrence, Jr., Coastal Kingdom: A History of Baldwin County (Baltimore: PublishAmerica, 2006).Burton, Gary, “Pintlala’s Cold Murder Case: The Death of Thomas Meredith in 1812,” The AlabamaReview 63 (3, July 2010):163-191.Caldwell, Larry, and Michael Buehler, “Picturing a Networked Nation: Abraham Bradley’s LandmarkU.S. Postal Maps. The Portolan: Journal of the Washington Map Society 77 (Spring 2010):7-24.Carballo, David M., and Thomas Pluckhahn, “Transportation Corridors and Political Evolution inHighland Mesoamerica: Settlement Analyses Incorporating GIS for Northern Tlaxcala, Mexico,”Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 26 (2007):607-629.286
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Table of ContentsList of Figures ..
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Chapter 8: Montgomery County ......
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4-1. Alabama county map highlightin
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6-7. Butler County detail of John L
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10-7. Detail of John LaTourette’s
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Chapter 1Project Goals and MethodsI
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Brief Historical BackgroundThe Old
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the road, and surveyed the relevant
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shown on historic maps, while many
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and other troop units to submit rep
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Figure 1-2. Robert Leslie Smith at
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Figure 1-5. Jeff Ross, Paul Merritt
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Figure 1-7. Annie Crenshaw, Raven C
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newly appointed Commissioner of the
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various historical sources. Phyllis
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Chapter 2Early History of the Old F
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quality stones, copper and mica fro
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would become the southern portion o
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Meigs (U.S. agent to the Cherokees)
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same instant, and the chance of dis
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In his latitude calculations Briggs
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force rapid mail service through an
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Traveling the Federal Road, 1811-18
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According to Hawkins, “Thomas Mer
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Moniac’s “Statement of property
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Federal Road west of Line Creek are
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Figure 2-7. Detail from John Melish
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and 1811 have not been found. In 18
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14 Walter Lowrie and Walter S. Fran
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56 Walter Lowrie and Walter S. Fran
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Piatt at Fort Stoddert. Piatt was i
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Figure 3-4. Detail of Abraham Bradl
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Figure 3-7. Detail of William Darby
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Figure 3-9. Detail of Fletcher Hale
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He also complained Fort Stoddert di
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command of Capt Skyler. The discipl
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Brett McWilliams, a local artifact
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now in poor condition (Figures 3-14
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Historic Sites in Washington County
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19 Gregory A. Waselkov, A Conquerin
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The Old Federal Road traversed the
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Figure 4-4. Detail of James Weakley
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The condition of the Old Federal Ro
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The Old Federal Road crosses the Ba
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Figure 4-12. A possible remnant of
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Historic Sites in Baldwin CountyFor
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Figure 4-16. View of the old Mims
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and were not accessible for revisit
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Figure 4-18. Military buttons from
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Figure 4-21. Military artifacts fro
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Figure 4-23. Tunstall house on High
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Figure 4-26. U.S. military buttons
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Historic Sites in Escambia CountyTh
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Archives, National Archives and Rec
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earlier survey. Segments of the roa
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Figure 5-5. Detail of John Melish
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Figure 5-8. Detail of John LaTouret
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Figure 5-10. Fletcher Hale’s copy
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Figure 5-13. The Old Federal Road i
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Figure 5-16. Dirt section of Conecu
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Figure 5-19. The Old Federal Road i
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The portion of the Old Federal Road
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McMillan Stage Stop. Scotsman Dunca
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Figure 5-26. Map showing McMillan
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Figure 5-27. Lowrey’s Store, Post
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Dr. Watkins’s House. Dr. John Wat
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Longmire’s Inn/Fort Warren. Sever
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not be investigated archaeologicall
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Figure 5-35. Anderson Stage Stop in
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provisions depot. However, when the
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When spring 1818 brought more murde
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Figure 5-41. William Weakley’s 18
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Figure 5-44. William Barrett Travis
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Henneberry, 1895), 241-242; Robert
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Figure 6-3. James Weakley’s 1847
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Henry Tanner’s 1823 map of Alabam
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The Old Federal Road spans the nort
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Figure 6-13. Entrenched section of
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Figure 6-14. The Palings stage stop
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the county. The landowners granted
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1 John Buckner Little, History of B
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Figure 7-2. Federal Road on Thomas
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John Melish’s 1818 map of Alabama
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Figure 7-8. Fletcher Hale’s map d
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Figure 7-11. Old Federal Road and G
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Figure 7-14. Entrenched section of
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morning salute, then turning our ca
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Chapter 8Montgomery CountyTracing t
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Figure 8-4. Old Federal Road (not l
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Figure 8-7. Detail of John Melish
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Fletcher Hale’s maps depict the o
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A short distance beyond where the G
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Where the Old Federal Road crosses
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modern Alabama place names, Opelika
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stopped “near Macnac’s” to co
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prairies which you have frequently
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Figure 8-21. Topographic map with a
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Figure 8-22. Unit 2 chronologically
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Pickett says she settled on the eas
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contained 84 gravesites dating from
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16 Clarence Edwin Carter, The Terri
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Figure 9-2. Old Federal Road on Jam
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Figure 9-5. Detail of an anonymous
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east onto County Road 2 (Figure 9-9
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Figure 9-12. The Old Federal Road t
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Figure 9-15. Dirt segment of Boromv
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of Little Prince and Opothle Yoholo
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Redsticks, marched from the Chattah
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Figure 9-19. Fletcher Hale’s map
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Warrior’s sons-in-law Captain Wal
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Chapter 10Russell CountyTracing the
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Figure 10-3. Detail of Abraham Brad
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Figure 10-7. Detail of John LaToure
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Figure 10-10. Old Federal Road on p
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Figure 10-13. Section of Old Federa
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Figure 10-16. The Old Federal Road
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Kendall Lewis, son-in-law of Big Wa
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Fort Mitchell, Creek Agency, and An
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A National Cemetery was created at
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6 Benton, The Very Worst Road, 65-6
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The Old Federal Road RouteOur archa
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We have devoted considerable effort
Page 248 and 249: Our 1723 Chickasaw map offers a gli
Page 250 and 251: of the old-growth forests and to pl
Page 252 and 253: Figure 11-6. Detail from David Tait
Page 254 and 255: As we have seen, most Americans saw
Page 256 and 257: towns and settled for a time at Pol
Page 258 and 259: home on the left, the 1902 Hinson h
Page 260 and 261: parks or educational centers. The m
Page 262 and 263: Appendix 1Extracts from Benjamin Ha
Page 264 and 265: E. Bearing east.32 + c. r. 15/ oak
Page 266 and 267: N.EBearing northeast.36. path to th
Page 268 and 269: Course and Admeasurement2 pole Chai
Page 270 and 271: S. 61 E. 17 “N. 83 E. 7 “N. 82
Page 272 and 273: E. 16 “S. 83 E. 9 “S. 87 E. 8
Page 274 and 275: N. 34 E. 14 “N. 30 E. 16 “N. 24
Page 276 and 277: N. 64 E. 9 “N. 40 E. 9 “N. 25 E
Page 278 and 279: N. 19 E. 5 “N. 44 E. 7 “[page 5
Page 280 and 281: N. 72 E. 16 “N. 71 E. 10 “N. 79
Page 282 and 283: N. 77 E. 5 “N. 69 E. 4 “N. 64 E
Page 284 and 285: N. 36 E. 7 “N. 54 E. 9 “N. 52 E
Page 286 and 287: [page 97]N. 61˚ E. 7 Chains. The S
Page 288 and 289: N. 12 E. 7 “N. 32 E. 10 “N. 36
Page 290 and 291: N. 66˚ E. 4 ChainsN. 28 E. 7 “N.
Page 292 and 293: XIIIIIII. Prairies or Glades the qu
Page 294 and 295: N. 27 E. 1 “N. 1 W. 2 “[page 14
Page 296 and 297: No 9: Joseph Wheaton to Gideon Gran
Page 300 and 301: Ethridge, Robbie, Creek Country: Th
Page 302 and 303: Potter, Stephen R., and Gregory A.
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Archaeological Survey of the Old Federal Road in Alabama

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