Archaeological Survey of the Old Federal Road in Alabama

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Course and Admeasurement2 pole Chains [“Half Chain” = 33 feet]N. 78 E. 13 ChainsN. 34 E. 4 ChainsN. 19 E. 4 ChainsN. 30 E. 22 Chains[page 2]N. 89 E. 2 ChainsS. 78 E. 4 ChainsN. 86 E. 10 ChainsS. 78 E. 6 Chs.N. 86 E. 9 Chs.N. 73 E. 4 Chs.N. 35 E. 12 Chs.N. 63 E. 1 Chn.S. 82 E. 20 Chs.S. 83 E. 14 Chs. At 125 Chains theTermination of the rich bottom Land of theAlabama. This Land abounds with large Oak andGum.Thence,N. 87˚ E. 14 ChainsN. 89 E. 23 Chs. At the 21 st Chain, 1 Mile,marked or Blazed a Pine Tree Front and Rear andon chop. Sandy barren Soil pine Timber.E. 30 Chs.[page 3]September 13 th 18102 pole ChainE. 19 chainsN. 80 E. 15 Chs.N. 82 E. 20 Chs.E. 30 Chs.S. 72 E. 18 Chs.S. 77 E. 19 Chs.S. 37 E. 17 Chs. At 7 Chains marked 2miles a small Pine Tree Blazed Front and rear 2Chops low Pine Barren Land.S. 50 E. 30 Chs.S. 58 E. 16 Chs.S. 84 E. 30 Chs.S. 84 E. 49 Chs.S. 89 E. 11 Chs.S. 60 E. 26 Chs. At 14 Chs. marked 3miles, Blazed a large Pine Tree Front and Rear and3 Chops. Low poor barren Land Pine TimberS. 72˚ E. 14 Chs.S. 83 E. 15 Chs.[page 4]S. 60˚ E. 20 ChainsS. 48 E. 28 Chains. Ascend a ridge orconsiderable Hill, barren Land Pine Timber.S. 60 E. 23 ChainsS. 64 E. 8 “ “S. 86 E. 11 “ “E. 10 “ “S. 84 E. 14 “ “S. 85 E. 21 “ “ At 5 Chs. 4 miles,marked or blazed a Pine Tree Front and rear and 4Chops, high Ridges Sterile Land, poor & muchbroken Pine Timber; crossing the Eastern boundaryof Baldwin County M. T. and the temporaryBoundary between the Creek Indians and theSettlements East of the Alabama River.S.E. 15 ChainsS. 75˚ E. 19 “[page 5]S. 64 E. 21 ChainsS. 79 E. 10 “E. 44 “S. 73 E. 18 “S. 71 E. 16 “S. 79 E. 18 “ At One Chn 5 miles,blazed a Pine Tree Front and Rear and 5 Chops.Land very broken, Pine TimberS. 75˚ E. 18 ChainsN. 88 E. 15 “S. 70 E. 10 “September 14 th 1810S. 61 E. 12 ChainsS. 71 E. 12 “N. 82 E. 8 “N. 84 E. 18 “N. 81 E. 17 “N. 53 E. 8 “N. 69˚ E. 16 “[page 6]E. 11 Chains. At 9 Chains 6 miles,blazed a Pine Tree, Front and Rear and 6 Chops.Sterile poor Land, much broken, Timber Pine.E. 10 ChainsS. 73 E. 18 “N. 86 E. 12 “S. 83 E. 15 “S. 83 E. 19 “S. 73 E. 14 “N. 83 E. 16 “N. 54 E. 16 “N. 29 E. 15 “256
N. 36 E. 9 “N. 43 E. 14 “ 7 miles, blazed a SmallPine Tree Front and Rear, and 7 Chops. Land andtimber as last described.[page 7]N. 54˚ E. 17 ChainsN. 64 E. 22 “N. 75 E 16 “N. 79 E. 17 “N. 76 E. 9 “N. 87 E. 18 “N. 81 E. 13 “S. 88 E. 15 “N. 72 E. 17 “N. 69 E. 15 “N. 83 E. 16 “ At 1 Chain 8 miles, blazeda large Pine Tree Front and rear and 8 Chopsbroken Ground, poor Land, Pine Timber.N. 89 E. 17 ChainsN. 66 E. 17 “N. 75 E. 18 “N. 68 E. 16 “N. 60 E. 12 “N. 69 E. 14 “[page 8]N. 55˚ E. 14 ChainsN. 62 E. 20 “N. 44 E. 15 “N. 27 E. 14 “ At 2 Chains 9 miles blazeda Pine Tree Front and Rear and 9 Chops. lowRidges poor Sterile Land, Pine Timber.N. 50˚ E. 19 ChainsN. 40 E. 16 “N. 36 E. 14 “N. 49 E. 20 “N. 52 E. 14 “N. 47 E. 21 “N. 42 E. 26 “N. 51 E. 8 “N. 86 E. 8 “S. 82 E. 12 “ At 2 Chs.10 miles blazed aPine Tree Front and Rear and the Letter X. Landand Timber as last described.[page 9]September 19 th 1810 3 oClock P. M.I deem it proper to remark that at 27 Miles 64Chains I discovered I was off my Course or theroute prescribed or pointed out by my instructions.this arose from my imperfect Knowledge of theCountry and will explain the cause of the partialprogress I have made on my Journey. from the 15 thto the 19 September I made no progress on myJourney, the principal part of which time I wasendeavoring to ascertain my route on the Path. At 3oClock on the 19 th I recommenced my Surveybeginning at the 10 th mile and 29 th Chain.September 19 th 1810N. 88˚ E. 19 ChainsN. 80 E. 12 “S. 73 E. 9 “S. 71 E. 3 “S. 61 E. 15 “S. 64 E. 9 “S. 72 E. 9 “[page 10]S. 55˚ E. 8 ChainsS. 38 E. 9 “S. 41 E. 8 “S. 47 E. 6 “S. 58 E. 12 “S. 52 E. 15 “S. 34 E. 15 “S. 23 E. 26 “ At 1 Chain marked 11miles blazed a Pine Tree Front and Rear XI. Sterilebroken Land, Pine TimberS. 6˚ E. 13 ChainsS. 16 E. 8 “S. 41 E. 8 “S. 34 E. 12 “S. 35 E. 11 “S. 51 E. 14 “S. 61 E. 14 “S. 57 E. 11 “[page 11]S. 37˚ E. 18 ChainsS. 56 E. 3 “S. 27 E. 5 “S. 63 E. 10 “S. 36 E. 19 “ At 8 Chains 12 miles,blazed a Pine Tree, Front and rear XII Lands andTimber as last described.September 20 th 1810S. 36˚ E. 17 ChainsS. 42 E. 13 “S. 45 E. 16 “S. 54 E. 8 “S. 67 E. 4 “S. 32 E. 13 “S. 51 E. 7 “257
Page 2 and 3:
Table of ContentsList of Figures ..
Page 4 and 5:
Chapter 8: Montgomery County ......
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4-1. Alabama county map highlightin
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6-7. Butler County detail of John L
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10-7. Detail of John LaTourette’s
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Chapter 1Project Goals and MethodsI
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Brief Historical BackgroundThe Old
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the road, and surveyed the relevant
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shown on historic maps, while many
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and other troop units to submit rep
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Figure 1-2. Robert Leslie Smith at
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Figure 1-5. Jeff Ross, Paul Merritt
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Figure 1-7. Annie Crenshaw, Raven C
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newly appointed Commissioner of the
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various historical sources. Phyllis
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Chapter 2Early History of the Old F
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quality stones, copper and mica fro
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would become the southern portion o
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Meigs (U.S. agent to the Cherokees)
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same instant, and the chance of dis
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In his latitude calculations Briggs
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force rapid mail service through an
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Traveling the Federal Road, 1811-18
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According to Hawkins, “Thomas Mer
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Moniac’s “Statement of property
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Federal Road west of Line Creek are
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Figure 2-7. Detail from John Melish
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and 1811 have not been found. In 18
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14 Walter Lowrie and Walter S. Fran
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56 Walter Lowrie and Walter S. Fran
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Piatt at Fort Stoddert. Piatt was i
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Figure 3-4. Detail of Abraham Bradl
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Figure 3-7. Detail of William Darby
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Figure 3-9. Detail of Fletcher Hale
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He also complained Fort Stoddert di
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command of Capt Skyler. The discipl
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Brett McWilliams, a local artifact
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now in poor condition (Figures 3-14
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Historic Sites in Washington County
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19 Gregory A. Waselkov, A Conquerin
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The Old Federal Road traversed the
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Figure 4-4. Detail of James Weakley
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The condition of the Old Federal Ro
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The Old Federal Road crosses the Ba
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Figure 4-12. A possible remnant of
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Historic Sites in Baldwin CountyFor
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Figure 4-16. View of the old Mims
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and were not accessible for revisit
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Figure 4-18. Military buttons from
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Figure 4-21. Military artifacts fro
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Figure 4-23. Tunstall house on High
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Figure 4-26. U.S. military buttons
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Historic Sites in Escambia CountyTh
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Archives, National Archives and Rec
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earlier survey. Segments of the roa
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Figure 5-5. Detail of John Melish
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Figure 5-8. Detail of John LaTouret
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Figure 5-10. Fletcher Hale’s copy
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Figure 5-13. The Old Federal Road i
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Figure 5-16. Dirt section of Conecu
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Figure 5-19. The Old Federal Road i
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The portion of the Old Federal Road
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McMillan Stage Stop. Scotsman Dunca
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Figure 5-26. Map showing McMillan
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Figure 5-27. Lowrey’s Store, Post
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Dr. Watkins’s House. Dr. John Wat
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Longmire’s Inn/Fort Warren. Sever
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not be investigated archaeologicall
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Figure 5-35. Anderson Stage Stop in
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provisions depot. However, when the
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When spring 1818 brought more murde
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Figure 5-41. William Weakley’s 18
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Figure 5-44. William Barrett Travis
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Henneberry, 1895), 241-242; Robert
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Figure 6-3. James Weakley’s 1847
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Henry Tanner’s 1823 map of Alabam
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The Old Federal Road spans the nort
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Figure 6-13. Entrenched section of
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Figure 6-14. The Palings stage stop
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the county. The landowners granted
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1 John Buckner Little, History of B
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Figure 7-2. Federal Road on Thomas
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John Melish’s 1818 map of Alabama
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Figure 7-8. Fletcher Hale’s map d
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Figure 7-11. Old Federal Road and G
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Figure 7-14. Entrenched section of
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morning salute, then turning our ca
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Chapter 8Montgomery CountyTracing t
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Figure 8-4. Old Federal Road (not l
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Figure 8-7. Detail of John Melish
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Fletcher Hale’s maps depict the o
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A short distance beyond where the G
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Where the Old Federal Road crosses
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modern Alabama place names, Opelika
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stopped “near Macnac’s” to co
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prairies which you have frequently
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Figure 8-21. Topographic map with a
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Figure 8-22. Unit 2 chronologically
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Pickett says she settled on the eas
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contained 84 gravesites dating from
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16 Clarence Edwin Carter, The Terri
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Figure 9-2. Old Federal Road on Jam
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Figure 9-5. Detail of an anonymous
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east onto County Road 2 (Figure 9-9
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Figure 9-12. The Old Federal Road t
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Figure 9-15. Dirt segment of Boromv
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of Little Prince and Opothle Yoholo
Page 218 and 219: Redsticks, marched from the Chattah
Page 220 and 221: Figure 9-19. Fletcher Hale’s map
Page 222 and 223: Warrior’s sons-in-law Captain Wal
Page 224 and 225: Chapter 10Russell CountyTracing the
Page 226 and 227: Figure 10-3. Detail of Abraham Brad
Page 228 and 229: Figure 10-7. Detail of John LaToure
Page 230 and 231: Figure 10-10. Old Federal Road on p
Page 232 and 233: Figure 10-13. Section of Old Federa
Page 234 and 235: Figure 10-16. The Old Federal Road
Page 236 and 237: Kendall Lewis, son-in-law of Big Wa
Page 238 and 239: Fort Mitchell, Creek Agency, and An
Page 240 and 241: A National Cemetery was created at
Page 242 and 243: 6 Benton, The Very Worst Road, 65-6
Page 244 and 245: The Old Federal Road RouteOur archa
Page 246 and 247: We have devoted considerable effort
Page 248 and 249: Our 1723 Chickasaw map offers a gli
Page 250 and 251: of the old-growth forests and to pl
Page 252 and 253: Figure 11-6. Detail from David Tait
Page 254 and 255: As we have seen, most Americans saw
Page 256 and 257: towns and settled for a time at Pol
Page 258 and 259: home on the left, the 1902 Hinson h
Page 260 and 261: parks or educational centers. The m
Page 262 and 263: Appendix 1Extracts from Benjamin Ha
Page 264 and 265: E. Bearing east.32 + c. r. 15/ oak
Page 266 and 267: N.EBearing northeast.36. path to th
Page 270 and 271: S. 61 E. 17 “N. 83 E. 7 “N. 82
Page 272 and 273: E. 16 “S. 83 E. 9 “S. 87 E. 8
Page 274 and 275: N. 34 E. 14 “N. 30 E. 16 “N. 24
Page 276 and 277: N. 64 E. 9 “N. 40 E. 9 “N. 25 E
Page 278 and 279: N. 19 E. 5 “N. 44 E. 7 “[page 5
Page 280 and 281: N. 72 E. 16 “N. 71 E. 10 “N. 79
Page 282 and 283: N. 77 E. 5 “N. 69 E. 4 “N. 64 E
Page 284 and 285: N. 36 E. 7 “N. 54 E. 9 “N. 52 E
Page 286 and 287: [page 97]N. 61˚ E. 7 Chains. The S
Page 288 and 289: N. 12 E. 7 “N. 32 E. 10 “N. 36
Page 290 and 291: N. 66˚ E. 4 ChainsN. 28 E. 7 “N.
Page 292 and 293: XIIIIIII. Prairies or Glades the qu
Page 294 and 295: N. 27 E. 1 “N. 1 W. 2 “[page 14
Page 296 and 297: No 9: Joseph Wheaton to Gideon Gran
Page 298 and 299: Blue Spruce, Duane, and Tanya Thras
Page 300 and 301: Ethridge, Robbie, Creek Country: Th
Page 302 and 303: Potter, Stephen R., and Gregory A.
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Archaeological Survey of the Old Federal Road in Alabama

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