Archaeological Survey of the Old Federal Road in Alabama

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6-7. Butler County detail of John LaTourette’s 1838 map .................................................. 1436-8. Detail of Fletcher Hale’s 1947 map .............................................................................. 1446-9. The Old Federal Road in Butler County, map 1 ........................................................... 1446-10. The Old Federal Road in Butler County, map 2 ........................................................... 1456-11. Butler Massacre historical marker ................................................................................ 1466-12. The Old Federal Road in Butler County, map 3 ........................................................... 1466-13. Entrenched section of the Old Federal Road north of Fort Dale .................................. 1476-14. The Palings stage stop at Fort Dale, southeast view ..................................................... 1496-15. The Palings stage stop at Fort Dale, northeast view ..................................................... 1496-16. A barn constructed from half V-notched logs .............................................................. 1516-17. Modern home occupying the presumed site of Fort Dale ............................................. 1516-18. Grave shelters at Fort Dale Cemetery ........................................................................... 1526-19. Commemorative marker for the site of Fort Dale ........................................................ 1527-1. Map of Alabama, highlighting Lowndes County ......................................................... 1547-2. Federal Road on Thomas Freeman’s ca. 1820 survey plat ........................................... 1557-3. The Greenville branch on James Weakley’s 1846 survey plat ..................................... 1557-4. Lowndes County detail of Abraham Bradley’s 1812 postal route map ....................... 1567-5. Lowndes County detail of Maxfield Ludlow’s 1816 map ............................................ 1567-6. Detail of John Melish’s 1818 map of Alabama Territory ............................................ 1577-7. Lowndes County detail of John LaTourette’s 1838 map of Alabama .......................... 1587-8. Fletcher Hale’s map depicting the Old Federal Road near Fort Deposit ...................... 1597-9. Old Federal Road and Greenville Branch through Lowndes County, map 1 ............... 1607-10. Joe Barganier, Sr., and Raven Christopher on a segment of the Old Federal Road ..... 1607-11. Old Federal Road and Greenville Branch through Lowndes County, map 2 ............... 1617-12. Old Federal Road and Greenville Branch through Lowndes County, map 3 ............... 1617-13. Bill Bates’s old turkey sheds in the roadbed of the Greenville Branch ........................ 1627-14. Entrenched section of roadbed on Bill Bates’s property .............................................. 1637-15. Joey Barganier, Jr., pointing out a section of the old Greenville Branch roadbed ....... 1637-16. Unpaved section of the Greenville Branch ................................................................... 1647-17. James Spurlock Williamson house .............................................................................. 1668-1. Map of Alabama, highlighting Montgomery County ................................................... 1678-2. Montgomery County showing the original Federal Road route ................................... 1688-3. Old Federal Road shown on Thomas Freeman’s undated survey plat ......................... 1688-4. Old Federal Road shown on James Weakley’s 1846 survey plat ................................. 1698-5. Montgomery County detail of the Old Federal Road ................................................... 1708-6. Detail of Maxfield Ludlow’s 1816 map ....................................................................... 1708-7. Detail of John Melish’s 1818 map ................................................................................ 1718-8. Detail of an anonymous 1826 manuscript map ............................................................ 1718-9. Detail of William Darby’s 1828 map ........................................................................... 1728-10. Detail of John LaTourette’s 1837 map ......................................................................... 172viii
8-11. Fletcher Hale’s map of the Old Federal Road .............................................................. 1738-12. Old Federal Road superimposed on 1950 aerial photograph of Snowdoun ................. 1738-13. The Old Federal Road and Greenville Branch in Montgomery County ....................... 1748-14. Section of the Old Federal Road south of Pintlala ....................................................... 1748-15. The Old Federal Road and Montgomery Branch, map 2 ............................................. 1758-16. The Old Federal Road and Montgomery Branch, map 3 ............................................. 1768-17. The Old Federal Road and Montgomery Branch, map 4 ............................................. 1768-18. The Old Federal Road superimposed on a modern aerial photograph ......................... 1778-19. The Old Federal Road and Montgomery Branch, map 5 ............................................. 1788-20. Thomas Freeman’s circa 1816-1817 survey plat .......................................................... 1848-21. Topographic map with archaeological test unit locations ............................................ 1848-22. Unit 2 chronologically diagnostic artifacts ................................................................... 1868-23. Lucas’s Tavern in the 1940s ......................................................................................... 1908-24. Lucas’s Tavern in Old Alabama Town, Montgomery, in 2011 .................................... 1919-1. Map of Alabama, highlighting Macon County ............................................................. 1939-2. Old Federal Road on James Weakley’s 1833 survey plat ............................................ 1949-3. Old Federal Road in Macon County ............................................................................. 1949-4. Detail of John Melish’s 1818 map of Alabama Territory ............................................ 1959-5. Detail of an anonymous 1826 manuscript map ............................................................ 1969-6. Detail of William Darby’s 1828 map of Georgia and Alabama ................................... 1969-7. Detail of John LaTourette’s 1837 map of Alabama ..................................................... 1979-8. Fletcher Hale’s map of the Old Federal Road near Warrior Stand .............................. 1979-9. The Old Federal Road through Macon County, map 1 ................................................ 1989-10. The Old Federal Road through Macon County, map 2 ................................................ 1999-11. Calebee Creek looking east, in vicinity of battlefield .................................................. 1999-12. The Old Federal Road through Macon County, map 3 ................................................ 2009-13. The Old Federal Road through Macon County, map 4 ................................................ 2019-14. The Old Federal Road through Macon County, map 5 ................................................ 2019-15. Dirt segment of Boromville Road near Fort Bainbridge .............................................. 2029-16. Pole Cat Springs, looking northeast ............................................................................. 2059-17. General Joseph Graham’s sketch of Fort Bainbridge ................................................... 2069-18. Fletcher Hale’s map showing the location of Fort Hull ............................................... 2079-19. Fletcher Hale’s map showing the location of Calebee Battle Site ............................... 2089-20. Creedstand, looking north ............................................................................................. 21010-1. Map of Alabama, highlighting Russell County ............................................................ 21210-2. Old Federal Road labeled as “United States Mail Road” .............................................. 21310-3. Detail of Abraham Bradley’s 1812 Postal Route Map ................................................. 21410-4. Detail of John Melish’s 1818 map ................................................................................ 21410-5. Detail of an anonymous 1826 manuscript map ............................................................ 21510-6. Detail of William Darby’s 1828 map of Georgia and Alabama ................................... 215ix
Page 2 and 3: Table of ContentsList of Figures ..
Page 4 and 5: Chapter 8: Montgomery County ......
Page 6 and 7: 4-1. Alabama county map highlightin
Page 10 and 11: 10-7. Detail of John LaTourette’s
Page 12 and 13: Chapter 1Project Goals and MethodsI
Page 14 and 15: Brief Historical BackgroundThe Old
Page 16 and 17: the road, and surveyed the relevant
Page 19 and 20: shown on historic maps, while many
Page 21 and 22: and other troop units to submit rep
Page 23 and 24: Figure 1-2. Robert Leslie Smith at
Page 25 and 26: Figure 1-5. Jeff Ross, Paul Merritt
Page 27 and 28: Figure 1-7. Annie Crenshaw, Raven C
Page 29 and 30: newly appointed Commissioner of the
Page 31 and 32: various historical sources. Phyllis
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 2Early History of the Old F
Page 35: quality stones, copper and mica fro
Page 38 and 39: would become the southern portion o
Page 40 and 41: Meigs (U.S. agent to the Cherokees)
Page 42 and 43: same instant, and the chance of dis
Page 44 and 45: In his latitude calculations Briggs
Page 46 and 47: force rapid mail service through an
Page 48 and 49: Traveling the Federal Road, 1811-18
Page 50 and 51: According to Hawkins, “Thomas Mer
Page 52 and 53: Moniac’s “Statement of property
Page 54 and 55: Federal Road west of Line Creek are
Page 56 and 57: Figure 2-7. Detail from John Melish
Page 58 and 59:
and 1811 have not been found. In 18
Page 60 and 61:
14 Walter Lowrie and Walter S. Fran
Page 62 and 63:
56 Walter Lowrie and Walter S. Fran
Page 64 and 65:
Piatt at Fort Stoddert. Piatt was i
Page 66 and 67:
Figure 3-4. Detail of Abraham Bradl
Page 68 and 69:
Figure 3-7. Detail of William Darby
Page 70 and 71:
Figure 3-9. Detail of Fletcher Hale
Page 72 and 73:
He also complained Fort Stoddert di
Page 74 and 75:
command of Capt Skyler. The discipl
Page 76 and 77:
Brett McWilliams, a local artifact
Page 78 and 79:
now in poor condition (Figures 3-14
Page 80 and 81:
Historic Sites in Washington County
Page 82 and 83:
19 Gregory A. Waselkov, A Conquerin
Page 84 and 85:
The Old Federal Road traversed the
Page 86 and 87:
Figure 4-4. Detail of James Weakley
Page 88 and 89:
The condition of the Old Federal Ro
Page 90 and 91:
The Old Federal Road crosses the Ba
Page 92 and 93:
Figure 4-12. A possible remnant of
Page 94 and 95:
Historic Sites in Baldwin CountyFor
Page 96 and 97:
Figure 4-16. View of the old Mims
Page 98 and 99:
and were not accessible for revisit
Page 100 and 101:
Figure 4-18. Military buttons from
Page 102 and 103:
Figure 4-21. Military artifacts fro
Page 104 and 105:
Figure 4-23. Tunstall house on High
Page 106 and 107:
Figure 4-26. U.S. military buttons
Page 108 and 109:
Historic Sites in Escambia CountyTh
Page 110 and 111:
Archives, National Archives and Rec
Page 112 and 113:
earlier survey. Segments of the roa
Page 114 and 115:
Figure 5-5. Detail of John Melish
Page 116 and 117:
Figure 5-8. Detail of John LaTouret
Page 118 and 119:
Figure 5-10. Fletcher Hale’s copy
Page 120 and 121:
Figure 5-13. The Old Federal Road i
Page 122 and 123:
Figure 5-16. Dirt section of Conecu
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Figure 5-19. The Old Federal Road i
Page 126 and 127:
The portion of the Old Federal Road
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McMillan Stage Stop. Scotsman Dunca
Page 130 and 131:
Figure 5-26. Map showing McMillan
Page 132 and 133:
Figure 5-27. Lowrey’s Store, Post
Page 134 and 135:
Dr. Watkins’s House. Dr. John Wat
Page 136 and 137:
Longmire’s Inn/Fort Warren. Sever
Page 138 and 139:
not be investigated archaeologicall
Page 140 and 141:
Figure 5-35. Anderson Stage Stop in
Page 142 and 143:
provisions depot. However, when the
Page 144 and 145:
When spring 1818 brought more murde
Page 146 and 147:
Figure 5-41. William Weakley’s 18
Page 148 and 149:
Figure 5-44. William Barrett Travis
Page 150 and 151:
Henneberry, 1895), 241-242; Robert
Page 152 and 153:
Figure 6-3. James Weakley’s 1847
Page 154 and 155:
Henry Tanner’s 1823 map of Alabam
Page 156 and 157:
The Old Federal Road spans the nort
Page 158 and 159:
Figure 6-13. Entrenched section of
Page 160 and 161:
Figure 6-14. The Palings stage stop
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the county. The landowners granted
Page 164 and 165:
1 John Buckner Little, History of B
Page 166 and 167:
Figure 7-2. Federal Road on Thomas
Page 168 and 169:
John Melish’s 1818 map of Alabama
Page 170 and 171:
Figure 7-8. Fletcher Hale’s map d
Page 172 and 173:
Figure 7-11. Old Federal Road and G
Page 174 and 175:
Figure 7-14. Entrenched section of
Page 176 and 177:
morning salute, then turning our ca
Page 178 and 179:
Chapter 8Montgomery CountyTracing t
Page 180 and 181:
Figure 8-4. Old Federal Road (not l
Page 182 and 183:
Figure 8-7. Detail of John Melish
Page 184 and 185:
Fletcher Hale’s maps depict the o
Page 186 and 187:
A short distance beyond where the G
Page 188 and 189:
Where the Old Federal Road crosses
Page 190 and 191:
modern Alabama place names, Opelika
Page 192 and 193:
stopped “near Macnac’s” to co
Page 194 and 195:
prairies which you have frequently
Page 196 and 197:
Figure 8-21. Topographic map with a
Page 198 and 199:
Figure 8-22. Unit 2 chronologically
Page 200 and 201:
Pickett says she settled on the eas
Page 202 and 203:
contained 84 gravesites dating from
Page 204 and 205:
16 Clarence Edwin Carter, The Terri
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Figure 9-2. Old Federal Road on Jam
Page 208 and 209:
Figure 9-5. Detail of an anonymous
Page 210 and 211:
east onto County Road 2 (Figure 9-9
Page 212 and 213:
Figure 9-12. The Old Federal Road t
Page 214 and 215:
Figure 9-15. Dirt segment of Boromv
Page 216 and 217:
of Little Prince and Opothle Yoholo
Page 218 and 219:
Redsticks, marched from the Chattah
Page 220 and 221:
Figure 9-19. Fletcher Hale’s map
Page 222 and 223:
Warrior’s sons-in-law Captain Wal
Page 224 and 225:
Chapter 10Russell CountyTracing the
Page 226 and 227:
Figure 10-3. Detail of Abraham Brad
Page 228 and 229:
Figure 10-7. Detail of John LaToure
Page 230 and 231:
Figure 10-10. Old Federal Road on p
Page 232 and 233:
Figure 10-13. Section of Old Federa
Page 234 and 235:
Figure 10-16. The Old Federal Road
Page 236 and 237:
Kendall Lewis, son-in-law of Big Wa
Page 238 and 239:
Fort Mitchell, Creek Agency, and An
Page 240 and 241:
A National Cemetery was created at
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6 Benton, The Very Worst Road, 65-6
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The Old Federal Road RouteOur archa
Page 246 and 247:
We have devoted considerable effort
Page 248 and 249:
Our 1723 Chickasaw map offers a gli
Page 250 and 251:
of the old-growth forests and to pl
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Figure 11-6. Detail from David Tait
Page 254 and 255:
As we have seen, most Americans saw
Page 256 and 257:
towns and settled for a time at Pol
Page 258 and 259:
home on the left, the 1902 Hinson h
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parks or educational centers. The m
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Appendix 1Extracts from Benjamin Ha
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E. Bearing east.32 + c. r. 15/ oak
Page 266 and 267:
N.EBearing northeast.36. path to th
Page 268 and 269:
Course and Admeasurement2 pole Chai
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S. 61 E. 17 “N. 83 E. 7 “N. 82
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E. 16 “S. 83 E. 9 “S. 87 E. 8
Page 274 and 275:
N. 34 E. 14 “N. 30 E. 16 “N. 24
Page 276 and 277:
N. 64 E. 9 “N. 40 E. 9 “N. 25 E
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N. 19 E. 5 “N. 44 E. 7 “[page 5
Page 280 and 281:
N. 72 E. 16 “N. 71 E. 10 “N. 79
Page 282 and 283:
N. 77 E. 5 “N. 69 E. 4 “N. 64 E
Page 284 and 285:
N. 36 E. 7 “N. 54 E. 9 “N. 52 E
Page 286 and 287:
[page 97]N. 61˚ E. 7 Chains. The S
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N. 12 E. 7 “N. 32 E. 10 “N. 36
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N. 66˚ E. 4 ChainsN. 28 E. 7 “N.
Page 292 and 293:
XIIIIIII. Prairies or Glades the qu
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N. 27 E. 1 “N. 1 W. 2 “[page 14
Page 296 and 297:
No 9: Joseph Wheaton to Gideon Gran
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Blue Spruce, Duane, and Tanya Thras
Page 300 and 301:
Ethridge, Robbie, Creek Country: Th
Page 302 and 303:
Potter, Stephen R., and Gregory A.
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Archaeological Survey of the Old Federal Road in Alabama

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