Archaeological Survey of the Old Federal Road in Alabama

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N. 27 E. 1 “N. 1 W. 2 “[page 140]N. 1 E. 3 ChainsN. 21 E. 7 “N. 2 W. 3 “N. 5 W. 1 “N. 4 W. 3 “N. 34 E. 3 “N. 43 E. 4 “N. 78 E. 2 “N. 83 E. 3 “N. 72 E. 3 “N. 71 E. 5 “N. 43 E. 3 “N. 61 E. 4 “N. 57 E. 3 “N. 8 E. 4 “N. 19 E. 4 “N. 15 E. 5 “N. 19 E. 4 “N. 43 E. 3 “N. 21 E. 4 “[page 141]N. 14 E. 4 ChainsN. 7 E. 4 “N. 14 W. 4 “N. 4 E. 4 “N. 18 E. 5 “N. 30 E. 10 “ At 7 Chains 126 Milesblazed a Post Oak Front & Rear XXIIIIII. At 100Chains in this Mile found the Termination of theSwamp on the right Bank of the Palawla. The landof this Swamp is evidently fertile. Timber white &black Oak, large S. B. Hickory and Spanish Oak.N. 34 E. 7 ChainsN. 36 E. 3 “N. 35 E. 6 “[page 142] It will be found from a view of my Survey or Journal that the objects comprehended aretreated in as brief and cursory manner as possible, arising from two considerations, first to avoid Swellingmy productions, to too great an Extent. Second, the little advantage to be derived from any quality theseobjects possess. The Land almost from the commencement of my Survey to this place presenting a SterileSandy Soil, and in General Pine Timber, commonly called Pine Woods Land, where it is different fromthis in any particular it will be found in my notes. On small water courses perhaps or where the Soil hasbeen discovered to be fertile or better quality I have noted it not from a conviction of any utility arisingfrom it but with a view of conveying a just conception of the Country. The face of the Country [page143] through which I have passed will be also found described in my Notes. The Pine Woods Land ingeneral affords Grass in abundance, a circumstance favourable to raising large Herds of Cattle. I needremark that owing to the Dryness of the Season, which preceeded and the Period of my passing throughthat many Small watercourses had ceased running and I trust from an Examination of this Survey it willbe acceded that a brief Delineation of the Country is all that it is entitled to.A True CopyJohn R. N. Luckett1 st Lt. 2 d U.S. Infantry282
ReferencesManuscriptsAlabama Department of Archives and History, Montgomery, ALAlbert J. Pickett Papers, Pickett Family Papers (1779-1904), LPR185, Ia1, Bound Manuscripts,Box 2,“Notes furnished by Col G. W. Creagh of Clarke County, Alabama, in relation to theBattle of ‘Burnt Corn’ the ‘Canoe Fight’ and other engagements in which he wasconcerned in 1813-1814,” Interview Notes, 2 – G. M. Creagh, 1847.“Notes taken from a file of Old Papers in the State Department of Alabama relating to theIndian difficulties in 1818,” Interview Notes 11 – State Department.“Notes furnished A.J. Pickett by Mr Reubin Hill of Wetumpka in relation to the killingof Capt Butler and others in Butler County Ala in 1818,” Interview Notes, 13 – ReubinHill [1848].“Notes taken from the lips of Mr George S. Gaines in relation to his early settlement inAlabama,” Interview Notes, 14 – George S. Gaines [nd].“Notes taken from the lips of Abram Mordicai an old Jew 92 years of age who had lived60 years among the Creek Indians [living in the vicinity of Dudleyville, TallapoosaCounty],” Interview Notes, 15 – Abram Mordecai [nd].“Notes obtained from a conversation with Major Reuben Chamberlain of Mobile inrelation to the capture of Mobile in 1813 – Taken by Wilkinson for the United States,form the King of Spain,” Interview Notes, 18 – Reuben Chamberlain [nd].“Notes furnished Doct Thos G Holmes about the Kemper Party in Alabama in 1810 andother things,” Interview Notes, 22 – Thomas G. Holmes [1848].“Notes taken from the lips of Dr Thos G Holmes in relation to various expeditions madeby Capt Blue, Col Benton & others in 1814-1813,” Interview Notes, 25 – Thos. G.Holmes [nd].“Notes taken from the lips of Mr. Thos. Malone of Washington County, Ala., in relationto the arrest of Aaron Burr, in 1807, and the expedition of the North Carolina Colony in1802 down the Tombigbee River &c &c,” Interview Notes, 27 – Thos. Malone [nd].Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, New Haven, CTMajor Howell Tatum, Topographical Notes and Observations on the Alabama river, August 1814,MSS S-1007.Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia, Athens, GAJoseph Wheaton Papers, Ms 1124.No. 2, Joseph Wheaton to Gideon Granger, Nov. 28, 1806, “Journal etc of his progress inmaking the road from Coweta to Fort Stoddert.”No. 4: Balance due the Post Master General [at completion]. $700.00 pay JosephWheaton on Aug. 7, 1806.No. 6: Edmund P. Gaines to Gideon Granger, Post Office, Fort Stoddert, Feb. 1, 1807.283
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Table of ContentsList of Figures ..
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Chapter 8: Montgomery County ......
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4-1. Alabama county map highlightin
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6-7. Butler County detail of John L
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10-7. Detail of John LaTourette’s
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Chapter 1Project Goals and MethodsI
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Brief Historical BackgroundThe Old
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the road, and surveyed the relevant
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shown on historic maps, while many
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and other troop units to submit rep
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Figure 1-2. Robert Leslie Smith at
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Figure 1-5. Jeff Ross, Paul Merritt
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Figure 1-7. Annie Crenshaw, Raven C
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newly appointed Commissioner of the
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various historical sources. Phyllis
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Chapter 2Early History of the Old F
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quality stones, copper and mica fro
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would become the southern portion o
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Meigs (U.S. agent to the Cherokees)
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same instant, and the chance of dis
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In his latitude calculations Briggs
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force rapid mail service through an
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Traveling the Federal Road, 1811-18
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According to Hawkins, “Thomas Mer
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Moniac’s “Statement of property
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Federal Road west of Line Creek are
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Figure 2-7. Detail from John Melish
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and 1811 have not been found. In 18
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14 Walter Lowrie and Walter S. Fran
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56 Walter Lowrie and Walter S. Fran
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Piatt at Fort Stoddert. Piatt was i
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Figure 3-4. Detail of Abraham Bradl
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Figure 3-7. Detail of William Darby
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Figure 3-9. Detail of Fletcher Hale
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He also complained Fort Stoddert di
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command of Capt Skyler. The discipl
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Brett McWilliams, a local artifact
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now in poor condition (Figures 3-14
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Historic Sites in Washington County
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19 Gregory A. Waselkov, A Conquerin
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The Old Federal Road traversed the
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Figure 4-4. Detail of James Weakley
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The condition of the Old Federal Ro
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The Old Federal Road crosses the Ba
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Figure 4-12. A possible remnant of
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Historic Sites in Baldwin CountyFor
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Figure 4-16. View of the old Mims
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and were not accessible for revisit
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Figure 4-18. Military buttons from
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Figure 4-21. Military artifacts fro
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Figure 4-23. Tunstall house on High
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Figure 4-26. U.S. military buttons
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Historic Sites in Escambia CountyTh
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Archives, National Archives and Rec
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earlier survey. Segments of the roa
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Figure 5-5. Detail of John Melish
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Figure 5-8. Detail of John LaTouret
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Figure 5-10. Fletcher Hale’s copy
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Figure 5-13. The Old Federal Road i
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Figure 5-16. Dirt section of Conecu
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Figure 5-19. The Old Federal Road i
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The portion of the Old Federal Road
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McMillan Stage Stop. Scotsman Dunca
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Figure 5-26. Map showing McMillan
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Figure 5-27. Lowrey’s Store, Post
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Dr. Watkins’s House. Dr. John Wat
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Longmire’s Inn/Fort Warren. Sever
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not be investigated archaeologicall
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Figure 5-35. Anderson Stage Stop in
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provisions depot. However, when the
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When spring 1818 brought more murde
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Figure 5-41. William Weakley’s 18
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Figure 5-44. William Barrett Travis
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Henneberry, 1895), 241-242; Robert
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Figure 6-3. James Weakley’s 1847
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Henry Tanner’s 1823 map of Alabam
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The Old Federal Road spans the nort
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Figure 6-13. Entrenched section of
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Figure 6-14. The Palings stage stop
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the county. The landowners granted
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1 John Buckner Little, History of B
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Figure 7-2. Federal Road on Thomas
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John Melish’s 1818 map of Alabama
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Figure 7-8. Fletcher Hale’s map d
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Figure 7-11. Old Federal Road and G
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Figure 7-14. Entrenched section of
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morning salute, then turning our ca
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Chapter 8Montgomery CountyTracing t
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Figure 8-4. Old Federal Road (not l
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Figure 8-7. Detail of John Melish
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Fletcher Hale’s maps depict the o
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A short distance beyond where the G
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Where the Old Federal Road crosses
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modern Alabama place names, Opelika
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stopped “near Macnac’s” to co
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prairies which you have frequently
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Figure 8-21. Topographic map with a
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Figure 8-22. Unit 2 chronologically
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Pickett says she settled on the eas
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contained 84 gravesites dating from
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16 Clarence Edwin Carter, The Terri
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Figure 9-2. Old Federal Road on Jam
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Figure 9-5. Detail of an anonymous
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east onto County Road 2 (Figure 9-9
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Figure 9-12. The Old Federal Road t
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Figure 9-15. Dirt segment of Boromv
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of Little Prince and Opothle Yoholo
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Redsticks, marched from the Chattah
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Figure 9-19. Fletcher Hale’s map
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Warrior’s sons-in-law Captain Wal
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Chapter 10Russell CountyTracing the
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Figure 10-3. Detail of Abraham Brad
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Figure 10-7. Detail of John LaToure
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Figure 10-10. Old Federal Road on p
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Figure 10-13. Section of Old Federa
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Figure 10-16. The Old Federal Road
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Kendall Lewis, son-in-law of Big Wa
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Fort Mitchell, Creek Agency, and An
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A National Cemetery was created at
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6 Benton, The Very Worst Road, 65-6
Page 244 and 245: The Old Federal Road RouteOur archa
Page 246 and 247: We have devoted considerable effort
Page 248 and 249: Our 1723 Chickasaw map offers a gli
Page 250 and 251: of the old-growth forests and to pl
Page 252 and 253: Figure 11-6. Detail from David Tait
Page 254 and 255: As we have seen, most Americans saw
Page 256 and 257: towns and settled for a time at Pol
Page 258 and 259: home on the left, the 1902 Hinson h
Page 260 and 261: parks or educational centers. The m
Page 262 and 263: Appendix 1Extracts from Benjamin Ha
Page 264 and 265: E. Bearing east.32 + c. r. 15/ oak
Page 266 and 267: N.EBearing northeast.36. path to th
Page 268 and 269: Course and Admeasurement2 pole Chai
Page 270 and 271: S. 61 E. 17 “N. 83 E. 7 “N. 82
Page 272 and 273: E. 16 “S. 83 E. 9 “S. 87 E. 8
Page 274 and 275: N. 34 E. 14 “N. 30 E. 16 “N. 24
Page 276 and 277: N. 64 E. 9 “N. 40 E. 9 “N. 25 E
Page 278 and 279: N. 19 E. 5 “N. 44 E. 7 “[page 5
Page 280 and 281: N. 72 E. 16 “N. 71 E. 10 “N. 79
Page 282 and 283: N. 77 E. 5 “N. 69 E. 4 “N. 64 E
Page 284 and 285: N. 36 E. 7 “N. 54 E. 9 “N. 52 E
Page 286 and 287: [page 97]N. 61˚ E. 7 Chains. The S
Page 288 and 289: N. 12 E. 7 “N. 32 E. 10 “N. 36
Page 290 and 291: N. 66˚ E. 4 ChainsN. 28 E. 7 “N.
Page 292 and 293: XIIIIIII. Prairies or Glades the qu
Page 296 and 297: No 9: Joseph Wheaton to Gideon Gran
Page 298 and 299: Blue Spruce, Duane, and Tanya Thras
Page 300 and 301: Ethridge, Robbie, Creek Country: Th
Page 302 and 303: Potter, Stephen R., and Gregory A.
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Archaeological Survey of the Old Federal Road in Alabama

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