CONSCIOUSNESS

More documents

Recommendations

Info

144 3. Cognitive Sciences and Psychology the gap between human and machine learning, which is arguably the main obstacle on the roadmap to human-level artificial intelligence. CMA includes five memory systems (iconic, working, episodic, procedural, semantic) and a value system. To illustrate the generality of the approach, two different learning domains are selected: (1) autonomous navigation and (2) mathematical problem solving. In (1), a virtual robot is exploring an apartment in order to be able to find objects in it when requested. The task for the robot is to learn how to explore environments: the performance should increase in a sequence of sessions with different virtual apartments of approximately equal complexity. In (2), CMA operates in a symbolic learning environment, where mathematical facts, rules and strategies are represented as objects that can be manipulated. Examples of tasks are: to assign digits 1-6 to 6 locations in a triangle so that the sum of the three numbers along each side of the triangle is 12; to solve for x the equation ax+b=c. Hard-coded SRL strategies will include: “Guess and test”, “Look for a pattern”, “Work backward”, “Consider special cases”, etc. In conclusion, in spite of the rapid progress in cognitive psychology following the cognitive revolution, the problem of semantic correlates of brain representations remains unresolved. The idea of treating subjective experiences as elements of reality expressed in the form of CMA could be a key to machine consciousness and human-like cognitive growth in artifacts. Supported by GMU Center for Consciousness and Transformation. C5 200 Cognitive Architecture for Pranic Practices as Applied to Conscious Vicky Suri, Prof. Sunita Singh Sengupta, Dr. Monika Grover, Dr. Rajni Suri (Nee Arora), (Intelligence Studies Group, Sushil Suri Consortium, New Delhi, India) In recent times various vedic indic processes like Pranayama has got lot of importance in world. But Medically Pranayama is not a very healthy practice. Oxygen is the most important component of respiration process. If we willfully reduce the intake of oxygen, it causes self induced apnea. This process medically causes damage to the human body.But there are Yogies like Swami Yogananda Pramhansa, Swami Rama, Swami Vivekanand and many others who could show extreme benefits of Pranayama in health which includes physical, mental, social and even moral health. In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop a systemic model to explain the efficacy of pranayama and it’s effect on purification of mind-conscious comples called soul. This model will provide a theoratical infrastructure on which unified fundamentals of Ayurveda, Yoga, Pranayama and Modern Western Medical Fundamentals can be grounded. First of all, the fundamental differences between Modern Western Medicine, Yoga and Ayurveda are discussed. Pranayama is one of the component of Ashtanga Yoga developed by great Indian Saint Pitanjali. In Ayurveda, which is the healing component of Yogic Practices, human body has five sheaths. Three of them are physical body, pranic body and mental body. They are roughly considered by Modern Medicine as physical body, breathing & respiration process and brain. This can be considered a very rough and partial overlapping between modern medicine and ayurveda. But, Ayurveda has also two components which are not considered as part of human entity. These two part are “Unattached Rationale Persona” called “Vigyanmaya Kosh” and “Unattached Blissful Persona” called “Anandmaya Kosh”. The understanding of these components of human persona explains the efficacy of Pranayama in a scientific manner. Reality v/s Instrumentation Problem Doubts are usually raised about the presence of energy body and reality of conscious. Usually scientists consider conscious as effect of electro-chemical activity in Brain, Central Nervous System and endocrine system. Usually energy body is associted with psychiatric disorders, paranorman experience, superstitions and in worst of the cases ghosts and spirits. Science usually discard such beliefs overwhelmly. But there are some scientist who propogate the belief of energy body or aura. Dr. Korotkof has devised a “Gas Dischrge Visualization” technique to calculate and plot human aura with various parameters like aura strength. These technique are highly refuted as medical Truths and aura is considered more of belief based phenomenons. In this paper, the proposed theoratical infrastructure has various blocks which can not be verified by present day instrumentation. But in future, these instruments can be developed. I call this aspect as instrumentation problem rather than “Unscientific or Untrue”. P3
3. Cognitive Sciences and Psychology 145 3.15 Ethology 3.16 Self-consciousness and metacognition 201 The Effects of a Self-Evaluation Task on the P300 Event Related Potential Joel Alexander, Kimber Saville, Justin Karr, Tyler Grindstaff and Ronald Alexander (Psychology, Western Oregon University, Monmouth, OR) It has been demonstrated that self-identity stimuli (e.g., name, date of birth) produce an increase in P300 amplitude. Additionally, it has been shown that P300 amplitude is highly sensitive to emotional self-evaluation (Alexander, et al., 2005). The present study is a replication of the Alexander et al. 2005 study with more subjects and more electrode recording locations. The study was designed to capture an introspective moment during a task that required emotional self-evaluation related to an infrequent, random stimulus void of self-identity qualities. The design of the study was different from previous stimulus-driven self-identity stimulus studies in that the base sensory discrimination task was constant across all three conditions. All subjects started with a standard tone discrimination task (oddball) during condition 1. In conditions 2 and 3 the subjects were required complete a secondary cognitive task in addition to the standard sensory discrimination task where they would be required to make a second stimulus-related judgment after their initial response. Condition 2 required subjects to index a mental count if the tone was a target, in addition to tone discrimination. Condition 3 required subjects to self evaluated it they were surprised by the occurrence of the target tone given the random and infrequent nature of the target tone presentation. During these conditions ERPs were recorded across 32 electrode sites. Similar to the self-identity stimulus studies, results indicated a large increase in P300 amplitude during the condition with the self-evaluation component compared to the other conditions. These results imply that self-evaluation may utilize more cortical resources than non-self related cognitive-discrimination tasks. P9 202 Empirical Investigation of Scales on Self-Consciousness and its Related Constructs in Brazil and in the United States Amanda DaSilveira, William B. Gomes, Stephen M. Fiore (UFRGS/UCF Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul/University of Central Florid, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil) Progresses in the cognitive science and its relation to phenomenology are associated to a current interest in the development of measures of self-consciousness. More than thirty years have passed by since Fenigstein, Scheier and Buss (1975) proposed a scale to evaluate individual self-consciousness variations. After that, a host of new scales have been developed in this century, and these scales concern associated constructs such as reflection, rumination, self-absorption, and mindfulness. Due to this return in the production of instruments, it is observed a necessity to evaluate the objects of measure that some of these new scales claim to work with. The self-consciousness phenomenon in human being has traditionally been defined as a state experienced while attention is directed to self, or ‘the capacity to become the object of one’s own attention’ (Morin, 2005, p. 117). According to James (1950/1890), the circumstance where the thought can be focused on itself requires a duality, i.e., the subject (I) who looks to himself as an object (me), or, say, a look into one’s past.On the other hand, although the German philosopher Edmund Husserl has been somehow influenced by William James’ ideas, he defended the idea that self-consciousness is inherent to experience. Thus, Husserl believed that consciousness is possible without one necessarily being self-aware of him or herself. The practical implications of a wider self-consciousness concept, which contemplates not only the self as a past experience or a content, but also the present circumstances of experience and its future thinking and plans, are seem in the concept of meta-consciousness by Jonathan Schooler (2002), or in the concept of agency as used by the sociologists Margareth Archer or Norbert Wiley. Yet, it is believed that some instruments that claim to measure self-consciousness and its related constructs are based on James’ idea of consciousness (or thought), which oriented exclusively to the past experience as a static content. In order to evaluate which orientation the constructs measured in the scales have, 400 undergradu-
Page 3 and 4:
TOWARD A SCIENCE OF CONSCIOUSNESS A
Page 5 and 6:
3 WELCOME Welcome to the 2010 Tucso
Page 7 and 8:
Olympus Corporation of America and
Page 9 and 10:
7 PROGRAM OUTLINE TOWARD A SCIENCE
Page 11 and 12:
Program Outline 9 THURSDAY April 15
Page 13 and 14:
Program Outline 11 Evening 7:30 pm
Page 15 and 16:
Program Outline 13 9:00 - 9:20 pm E
Page 17 and 18:
Pre-Conference Workshops 15 9a Upda
Page 19 and 20:
17 Tuesday, April 13, 2010 CONFEREN
Page 21 and 22:
Program 19 C7 Hein Van Schie, Contr
Page 23 and 24:
Program 21 C10 C11 C12 C13 Phenomen
Page 25 and 26:
Program 23 Art & Media Installation
Page 27 and 28:
Program 25 P4 Richard Blum, The Arc
Page 29 and 30:
Program 27 P6 Augmentations of Cons
Page 31 and 32:
Program 29 Friday, April 16 PL7 PL8
Page 33 and 34:
Program 31 C20 C21 Michael Franklin
Page 35 and 36:
Program 33 P8 Robert Mays, A Theory
Page 37 and 38:
Program 35 P10 Ian O’Loughlin, Co
Page 39 and 40:
Program 37 Herve Lambert, The Conte
Page 41 and 42:
3.11 Cognitive development .. . . .
Page 43 and 44:
1. Philosophy 41 conflict was prima
Page 45 and 46:
1. Philosophy 43 and act. Conscious
Page 47 and 48:
1. Philosophy 45 hood conscious min
Page 49 and 50:
1. Philosophy 47 possess some kind
Page 51 and 52:
1. Philosophy 49 undermine the robu
Page 53 and 54:
1. Philosophy 51 21 Fine-Grained Su
Page 55 and 56:
1. Philosophy 53 Thus, the ability
Page 57 and 58:
1. Philosophy 55 the universe, are
Page 59 and 60:
1. Philosophy 57 the examples, gene
Page 61 and 62:
1. Philosophy 59 (VT), or logical t
Page 63 and 64:
1. Philosophy 61 44 Kicking the Psy
Page 65 and 66:
1. Philosophy 63 mistakes aside, ot
Page 67 and 68:
1. Philosophy 65 consciousness in r
Page 69 and 70:
1. Philosophy 67 1995). One need no
Page 71 and 72:
1. Philosophy 69 positivism. But wh
Page 73 and 74:
1. Philosophy 71 lating to, and thi
Page 75 and 76:
1. Philosophy 73 and phenomenal-lev
Page 77 and 78:
1. Philosophy 75 that consciousness
Page 79 and 80:
1. Philosophy 77 as it stands, cann
Page 81 and 82:
1. Philosophy 79 the CSP explanator
Page 83 and 84:
1. Philosophy 81 potential to becom
Page 85 and 86:
1. Philosophy 83 of thought and lan
Page 87 and 88:
1. Philosophy 85 its properties, an
Page 89 and 90:
1. Philosophy 87 well as it’s abi
Page 91 and 92:
1. Philosophy 89 98 Varieties of Mu
Page 93 and 94:
2. Neuroscience 91 this experience
Page 95 and 96: 2. Neuroscience 93 systems. In fact
Page 97 and 98: 2. Neuroscience 95 a gap junction-d
Page 99 and 100: 2. Neuroscience 97 114 Baseline Bra
Page 101 and 102: 2. Neuroscience 99 synapses of the
Page 103 and 104: 2. Neuroscience 101 tion investigat
Page 105 and 106: 2. Neuroscience 103 and lead to an
Page 107 and 108: 2. Neuroscience 105 2.6 Blindsight
Page 109 and 110: 2. Neuroscience 107 collaboration b
Page 111 and 112: 2. Neuroscience 109 resent a potent
Page 113 and 114: 2. Neuroscience 111 synchrony hypot
Page 115 and 116: 2. Neuroscience 113 cesses on state
Page 117 and 118: 2. Neuroscience 115 2.15 Specific b
Page 119 and 120: 2. Neuroscience 117 is 3 times larg
Page 121 and 122: 3. Cognitive Sciences and Psycholog
Page 145: 3. Cognitive Sciences and Psycholog
Page 155 and 156: 4. Physical and Biological Sciences
Page 181 and 182: 5. Experiential Approaches 179 resu
Page 183 and 184: 5. Experiential Approaches 181 266
Page 185 and 186: 5. Experiential Approaches 183 bodi
Page 187 and 188: 5. Experiential Approaches 185 othe
Page 189 and 190: 5. Experiential Approaches 187 free
Page 191 and 192: 5. Experiential Approaches 189 281
Page 193 and 194: 5. Experiential Approaches 191 spir
Page 195 and 196: 5. Experiential Approaches 193 tual
Page 197 and 198:
5. Experiential Approaches 195 lepa
Page 199 and 200:
5. Experiential Approaches 197 a th
Page 201 and 202:
5. Experiential Approaches 199 to c
Page 203 and 204:
5. Experiential Approaches 201 very
Page 205 and 206:
5. Experiential Approaches 203 308
Page 207 and 208:
5. Experiential Approaches 205 had
Page 209 and 210:
6. Culture and the Humanities 207 T
Page 211 and 212:
6. Culture and the Humanities 209 f
Page 213 and 214:
6. Culture and the Humanities 211 3
Page 215 and 216:
6. Culture and the Humanities 213 3
Page 217 and 218:
6. Culture and the Humanities 215
Page 219 and 220:
6. Culture and the Humanities 217 O
Page 221 and 222:
6. Culture and the Humanities 219 t
Page 223 and 224:
6. Culture and the Humanities 221 F
Page 225 and 226:
6. Culture and the Humanities 223 T
Page 227 and 228:
6. Culture and the Humanities 225 i
Page 229 and 230:
Index to Authors 227 Jungleib S., 2
Page 233 and 234:
Study consciousness at home… Two
Page 235 and 236:
APRIL 12-17, 2010 TUCSON ARIZONA No
Page 237:
Notes
show all

CONSCIOUSNESS

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?