Literary History of Sanskrit Buddhism

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Strotras, Dhāraṇīs, Tantras – 137 with these Dhāraṇīs, and the assurance that in times of a draught there is no better means of calling down a shower of rain than the use of these Sūtras. A much simpler form of an adjuration to snakes, which however, is supposed to act as an antidote to snake poison is to be found in the Vinayapiṭaka, Cullavagga V, 6, where the snakes are tranquillized by the Buddhistic benevolence called Mettā in Pāḷi and Maitri in Sanskrit. (See also Jātaka 293 and Digha Nikāya, 32.) A Sūtra similar to the Meghasūtra is the Diśasvastikasūtra which is preserved in a fragment discovered at Turfan in Chinese Turkistan in the Uigurian language, (Tishastvustik by W. Radloff and Baron A. von Steail- Hoistein Bibliotheca Buddhica, IXX, St. Petersburg, 1910). The dhāraṇīs often appear as parts of a Sūtra in which the circumstances are reported under which they were revealed. But there are also numerous dhāraṇīs which are preserved in individual manuscripts, and, on the other hand, entire large collections of dhāraṇīs. In these we find formulæ [115] of exercisms against the influence of evil spirits, poison, snakes and demons; charms for healing the sick and for longevity; magical utterances which bring success in war and others which bring it about that a man is reborn in the paradise of Sukhāvatī, that a man comes to no evil birth, that a man is freed from sins. There are also dhāraṇīs by means of which one can charm a Bodhisattva or protect oneself from infidelity. Not only can wind and water be influenced by dhāraṇīs but they can effect, according to wish, the birth of a son or daughter. An unusual favourite in Nepal is the Pañcarakṣa or the Five-fold Protection which is a collection of five dhāraṇīs: (1) Mahāpratisāra a protection against sin, malady and other evils; (2) Mahāsahasrapramardinī,
Strotras, Dhāraṇīs, Tantras – 138 against the evil spirits; (3) Mahāmayūrī, against snake poison; (4) Mahāśitavatī against hostile planets, wild animals and venomous insects and (5) Mahārakṣa, against diseases. Such dhāraṇīs as serve against all manner of evil powers are frequently employed also as amulets. Dhāraṇī literary means “a means to hold fast” especially a spirit or a secret power. It does not signify “a formula possessing great efficacy” as interpreted by Burnouf and Wilson. Burnouf deals in detail with dhāraṇīs; Introduction, pp. 466, 482 ff.; Wassiljew Der Buddhismus, p. 153 ff., 193 ff., 217; La Vallée-Poussin Bouddhisme, Etudes et Materiaux, p. 199 ff.; C. Bendall Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 1880, p. 286 ff. A Mahāmeghasūtra was translated into Chinese between 397 and 439 and other translations were made between 589 and 618 and 746-771. B. Nanjio Catalogue Nos. 186- 188, 244, 970. For instances of Dhāraṇīmantra, Raj. Mitra Nepalese Buddhist Literature, p. 80 f., and Dhāraṇī Collections, pp. 93 f. 174, 176, 267 f., 283, 291 f. Numerous MSS are also registered in Bendall’s Catalogue. La Vallée-Poussin conjectures (Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1895, p. 433 ff.) that the Dhāraṇī called Vidyadharapiṭaka which is quoted in the Ādikarmapradīpa is the same as the Dhāraṇīpiṭaka. A like Dhāraṇīpiṭaka is said to have been included [116] in the canon of the Mahāsaṅghikas according to Hiuen Tsiang (Kern Manual; p. 4). (Raj. Mitra. Nep. Buddha, Lit., pp.164 ff., 173 f. Winternitz and Keith, Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library, Vol. II, p. 257:ff.).
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1 Literary History of Sanskrit Budd
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3 Translation into Chinese and Tibe
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5 Chapter 7: Mahāyānasūtras Wors
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7 The aspirant’s obligations Self
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9 Preface What follows is the first
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11 Chapter 1: Two Schools of Buddhi
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Two Schools of Buddhism - 13 remain
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15 Chapter 2: Sanskrit Buddhist Can
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Sanskrit Buddhist Canon - 17 transl
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19 Chapter 3: Mahāvastu As belongi
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Mahāvastu - 21 3), lastly recounts
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Mahāvastu - 23 Its Jātakas Quite
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Mahāvastu - 25 Inferno as well as
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Mahāvastu - 27 Suttanipāta. When,
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Lalitavistara - 29 of the Buddha.
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Lalitavistara - 31 light expands it
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Lalitavistara - 33 episodes in part
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Lalitavistara - 35 an anonymous com
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Lalitavistara - 37 and Bloch Zeitsc
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39 Chapter 5: Aśvaghoṣa and his
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Aśvaghoṣa and his School - 41 Ac
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Aśvaghoṣa and his School - 43 An
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Aśvaghoṣa and his School - 45 Th
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Aśvaghoṣa and his School - 47 Ju
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Aśvaghoṣa and his School - 49 le
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Aśvaghoṣa and his School - 51 Va
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Aśvaghoṣa and his School - 53 Ta
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Aśvaghoṣa and his School - 55 So
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Aśvaghoṣa and his School - 57 il
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59 Chapter 6: Avadāna The Jātakam
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Avadāna - 61 these species of avad
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Avadāna - 63 This process of worki
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Avadāna - 65 Maiden Disciple: Stor
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Avadāna - 67 Buddha. This narrativ
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Avadāna - 69 our printed edition (
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Avadāna - 71 story of Śārdūlaka
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Avadāna - 73 Triśanku; and who el
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Avadāna - 75 Pūrṇa who goes out
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Avadāna - 77 legends in these Avad
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Avadāna - 79 verse, again Pāḷi
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81 Chapter 7: Mahāyānasūtras [64
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Mahāyānasūtras - 83 out into a f
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Mahāyānasūtras - 85 delighted an
Page 88 and 89: Mahāyānasūtras - 87 Exaggeration
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Page 92 and 93: Mahāyānasūtras - 91 Age of the S
Page 94 and 95: Mahāyānasūtras - 93 world fashio
Page 96 and 97: Mahāyānasūtras - 95 His peregrin
Page 98 and 99: Mahāyānasūtras - 97 which are co
Page 100 and 101: Mahāyānasūtras - 99 Kāruṇāpu
Page 102 and 103: Mahāyānasūtras - 101 Samādhirā
Page 104 and 105: Mahāyānasūtras - 103 fragment of
Page 106 and 107: Mahāyānasūtras - 105 thousand ś
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Page 110 and 111: 109 Chapter 8: Nāgārjuna [89] The
Page 112 and 113: Nāgārjuna - 111 entire system of
Page 114 and 115: Nāgārjuna - 113 were executed and
Page 116 and 117: Nāgārjuna - 115 (Haraprasad Shast
Page 118 and 119: Nāgārjuna - 117 Asaṅga Asaṅga
Page 120 and 121: Nāgārjuna - 119 The commentary sh
Page 122 and 123: Nāgārjuna - 121 For other authori
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Page 126 and 127: Nāgārjuna - 125 the salvation of
Page 128 and 129: Nāgārjuna - 127 Some of the passa
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Page 132 and 133: Nāgārjuna - 131 109 ff.). Still i
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Page 154 and 155: Sūtrālaṅkāra - 153 The Nationa
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Page 162 and 163: Sūtrālaṅkāra - 161 sacrifice t
Page 164 and 165: Sūtrālaṅkāra - 163 Sanskrit. I
Page 166 and 167: Sūtrālaṅkāra - 165 has so ofte
Page 168 and 169: Sūtrālaṅkāra - 167 The unident
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Page 172 and 173: Sūtrālaṅkāra - 171 Maheśa ren
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Page 176 and 177: Sūtrālaṅkāra - 175 His renowne
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Literary History of Sanskrit Buddhism

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