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mixeil basilaZe<br />
gagrZeleba. dasawyisi<br />
ix. „qronika+” ##3-26.<br />
saqarTvelos demokratiuli<br />
respublikis periodis Sesaxeb<br />
Txrobas, rogorc Tavidanve ganvsazRvreT,<br />
erovnul-demokratiuli<br />
partiis gazeT „saqarTve-<br />
los” meSveobiT vawarmoebT. ma-<br />
gram 1918 wlis pirveli seqtem-<br />
bridan 24 seqtembramde gazeTi<br />
saerTod ar gamosula. aRmoCnda,<br />
rom amis mizezi teqnikuri xasia-<br />
Tis problema iyo. gazeTis droebiT<br />
SeCerebaze gamocema 24 se-<br />
qtembris nomerSi iuwyeba, sadac<br />
Semdegia aRniSnuli:<br />
„texnikuri mizezis gamo, gaze-<br />
Ti „saqarTvelo” droebiT SeCerebuli<br />
iyo, qaRaldis gamolevisa da<br />
Sriftis uvargisobis gamo. dReidan<br />
gazeTi sistematiurad gamova”.<br />
1918 wlis seqtemberSi, rogorc<br />
saqarTveloSi, aseve mis mezobel<br />
qveynebSi, sakmaod mniSvnelovani<br />
movlenebi moxda da mxolod konkretuli<br />
gazeTis gamousvlelobis<br />
mizeziT Txrobis SeCereba, albaT,<br />
gaumarTlebeli iqneboda. amitom<br />
Cveni aRwera srulfasovani rom<br />
yofiliyo, gadavwyviteT, is dReebi,<br />
rodesac gazeTi „saqarTvelo”<br />
ar gamodioda, meore yoveldRiur<br />
gazeT „erTobiT” Segvevso, romelic<br />
qveynis imdroindel mmarTvel<br />
Zalas _ social-demokratebs eku-<br />
Tvnoda.<br />
32<br />
damfuZnebeli kreba<br />
da konstitucia<br />
294 69 77; qronikaqronika@gmail.com<br />
1918 wlis seqtemberSi sul ufro<br />
aqtiuri xdeba damfuZnebeli<br />
krebis, igive saqarTvelos parlamentis<br />
mowvevisa da qveynis mTavari<br />
kanonis _ konstituciis miRebis<br />
Sesaxeb msjeloba. gardamaval<br />
periodSi da damoukideblobis<br />
gamocxadebis Semdegac, legitimuri<br />
sakanonmdeblo organos ararsebobis<br />
pirobebSi, saqarTvelos<br />
cxovrebas erovnuli sabWo warmarTavda,<br />
romelic arCeviTi organo<br />
ar gaxldaT da mxolod qveynis<br />
wamyvani politikuri da sazogadoebrivi<br />
Zalebis warmomadgenelTa<br />
krebuli gaxldaT. rogorc<br />
gazeT „saqarTvelos” 24 seqtembris<br />
nomridan vigebT, damfuZnebeli<br />
krebis arCeva 1919 wlis<br />
dasawyisSi igegmeboda da amisTvis<br />
qveynis politikuri Zalebi aqedanve<br />
emzadebodnen: „erovnul sabWos<br />
komisiam SeimuSava da daariga kidec<br />
debuleba damfuZnebel krebis<br />
arCevnebisa. Tu raime dabrkolebam<br />
xeli ar SegviSala, momavali wlis<br />
pirvel naxevarSi albaT Seikribeba<br />
saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli parlamenti,<br />
romelmac Cvens saxelmwifos<br />
organuli kanoni, anu konstitucia<br />
unda misces. im droisaTvis<br />
Cvens axalgazrda saxelmwifos<br />
TiTqmis mTeli wlis istoria eqneba.<br />
am xnis ganmavlobaSi Seiqmneba<br />
erTgvari konstituciuri tradiciebi,<br />
romelsac dRevandeli socialisturi<br />
sabWos Semoqmedebis<br />
beWedi esmeba. Cven iZulebuli viqnebiT,<br />
angariSi gavuwioT am tradiciebs,<br />
magram radgan dRevandeli<br />
sabWo ufro winaswari parlamentia,<br />
vidre namdvili warmomadgelobiTi<br />
dawesebuleba, radgan<br />
mis mier miRebul kanonebs xSirad<br />
ufro droebiTi xasiaTi aqvs, ueWvelia,<br />
rom damfuZnebels krebas,<br />
TiTqmis Tavidanve mouxdeba sakonstitucio<br />
muSaobis dawyeba”.<br />
28 seqtembris nomerSi gazeTi<br />
„saqarTvelo” damfuZnebeli krebis<br />
mowvevis sakiTxs agrZelebs da<br />
mkiTxvels sTavazobs statias, sadac<br />
ganxilulia is finansuri danaxarji,<br />
romelic saqarTvelos<br />
mTavari sakanonmdeblo organos<br />
arCevas dasWirdeboda: „saqarTvelos<br />
damfuZnebeli krebis saparlamento<br />
saarCevno komisias ukve<br />
SemuSavebuli aqvs xarjTaRricxva<br />
da Statebi damfuZnebeli krebis<br />
arCevnebis mosawyobad. xarjTaRricxva<br />
navaraudevia oTxi TviT. am<br />
xnis ganmavlobaSi centraluri komisiis<br />
kancelariis Statebi dajdeba<br />
13.400 man. zaqaTalis olqis<br />
_ 7 200 man.; samazro komisiis _ 83<br />
200 man. soflis sazogado komisiis<br />
_ 674 400 man. soflis wvrili er-<br />
Teul. komisiis _ 757 200 man.; instruqtorebi<br />
_ 168 000 man.; sakancelario<br />
masalebis _ 614 800 man.;<br />
centralur komisiis bina _ 400 man.<br />
sul 2 357 000 maneTi”.<br />
Tavdasxma vladimer leninze<br />
1918 wlis seqtembris qarTul<br />
gamocemebSi gaCnda informacia<br />
bolSevikTa lider vladimer leninze<br />
Tavdasxmis Sesaxeb. antibolSevikuri<br />
Zalebi ulianovis mokvlas<br />
jer kidev 1918 wlis ianvarSi<br />
cdilobdnen. pirvel ianvars leninis<br />
mokvla kadetebma scades. maSin<br />
lenini gadarCa. Tavdasxmis mcdeloba<br />
ori kviris Semdegac ganmeorda,<br />
magram jariskacma spiridonovma,<br />
romelsac iliCis likvidacia<br />
daevala, SeTqmuleba gasca<br />
da Cekas Cabarda.<br />
morigi Tavdasxma ukve 1918<br />
wlis 30 agvistos ganxorcielda.<br />
mixelsonis qarxanaSi misul lenins<br />
eserTa partiis wevrma, fani kaplanma,<br />
revolveridan orjer esrola,<br />
ris Semdegac bolSevikTa<br />
beladma umZimesi Wrilobebi miiRo.<br />
leninis garda imave dReebSi<br />
Tavdasxma ganxorcielda petrogradis<br />
Cekas xelmZRvanel urickize.<br />
teroristi aqac eserTa partiis<br />
wevri iyo. am SemTxvevaSi Tavdamsxmelma<br />
mizans miaRwia da uricki<br />
adgilze gardaicvala. 1918<br />
wlis 3 seqtembris nomerSi gazeTi<br />
„erToba” am movlenebis Sesaxeb<br />
Semdeg informacias aqveynebs: „rogorc<br />
irkveva leninis mokvlis ganzraxvaSi<br />
monawilea mTeli jgufi.<br />
im dros, roca lenini avtomobil-<br />
Si jdeboda, is SeCerebul iqmna, vi-<br />
Tomc masTan salaparako hqondaT.<br />
gamosaval karebSiac xalxi mravlaT<br />
iyo Tavmoyrili. yovelgvari<br />
zomebi miRebulia saqmis gamosarkvevad.<br />
dapatimrebulia ramdenime<br />
kaci. gamoZieba swarmoebs moskovis<br />
yvela raionSi.<br />
v. i. ulianov lenini ori tyviiT<br />
iqna daWrili. erTi tyvia moxvedrili<br />
aqvs marcxena beWSi da<br />
gamosulia mkerdis nawilSi. dazianebulia<br />
filtvis zemo nawili,<br />
saidanac sisxli dainTxa. meore<br />
tyviam gaiara filtvebSi, marcxena<br />
mxarSi, daamsxvria Zvali da gaCerda<br />
kanSi. kuWSi da nawlavebSi<br />
sisxlis denis niSnebi aris, majis<br />
cema aqvs 104, avadmyofi srul<br />
grZnobazea.<br />
sagangebo komisiam (igulisxmeba<br />
Ceka) miiRo Tu ara cnobebi, rom<br />
leninze Tavdasxmas apirebeno, zomebi<br />
miiRo borotmomqmedTa aRmosaCenaT.<br />
ramdenime kaci daapatimra<br />
da maT Soris erTi qali, romelmac<br />
lenins esrola. vinaobis<br />
dasaxelebaze am qalma uari sTqva.<br />
rogorc irkveva, am mkvlelobis<br />
ganzraxvas kavSiri aqvs samaris organizaciasTan.<br />
msroleli qali<br />
soc-revoliucionerebis (eserebi)<br />
organizaciis wevria.<br />
petrogradSi axali mkvleloba<br />
moxda. quCaSi Casafrebulma ucnobma<br />
tyviiT mohkla sabWoTa ruseTis<br />
erTi TvalsaCino moRvawe,<br />
Crdilo olqebis Sinagan saqmeTa<br />
komisari uricki. mkvleli socialist-revoliucioneria,<br />
politexnikumis<br />
studenti, saartilerio saswavleblis<br />
iunkeri, iunker socialistebis<br />
jgufis Tavmjdomare.<br />
mkvleli Seipyres petrogradis<br />
inglisis sakrebulos sadgomSi”.<br />
baqos ambebi<br />
qarTul periodikaSi sul ufro<br />
imata cnobebma baqos Sesaxeb. yovel<br />
nomerSi gazeTebi azerbaijanidan<br />
mosul ramdenime informacias<br />
aqveyneben. saqme is iyo, rom baqoSi<br />
xelisufleba Seicvala da es yovelive<br />
did zegavlenas axdenda saqarTvelos<br />
cxovrebazec. SevecdebiT,<br />
mokled aRvweroT, Tu ra vi-<br />
Tareba iyo baqoSi: 1918 wlis mart-<br />
Si bolSevikTa SeiaraRebulma razmebma,<br />
somexi jariskacebisa da partia<br />
„daSnakcutunis” aqtiuri mxardaWeriT,<br />
qalaqSi sakuTari xelisufleba<br />
daamyares. baqoSi wiTeli<br />
komuna Camoyalibda, romelic<br />
istoriaSi 26 komisris saxeliT<br />
aris cnobili. quCis brZolebs,<br />
sisxlian Setakebebsa da eTnikur<br />
darbevas, sxvadasxva monacemiT, 4-<br />
dan 12 aTasamde muslimi Seewira.<br />
am ambidan ori Tvis Semdeg,<br />
rodesac amierkavkasiis federacia<br />
daiSala, amierkavkasiis seimis muslimTa<br />
fraqciam 28 maiss tfilis-<br />
Si azerbaijanis damoukidebloba<br />
gamoacxada. magram es damoukidebloba<br />
srulfasovani mainc ar iyo.<br />
azerbaijanis axlad Seqmnili mTavroba<br />
bolSevikebis mier mitacebuli<br />
dedaqalaqis gareSe darCa. baqos<br />
dasabruneblad azerbaijanma<br />
daxmarebisTvis osmaleTs mimarTa<br />
da masTan samSvidobo xelSekruleba<br />
gaaforma. Turq general nuri<br />
faSas meTaurobiT baqos ganTavisuflebis<br />
operacia daigegma. Seiqmna<br />
islamuri armia, sadac, azerbaijanul<br />
qvedanayofebTan erTad,<br />
ori Turquli diviziac iricxeboda.<br />
ivnisis dasawyisSi islamuri<br />
armia baqosken daiZra. amave periodSi<br />
baqoSi bolSevikuri xelisufleba<br />
daamxes da qalaqis mmarTveloba<br />
e. w. centrokaspiis diqtaturam<br />
aiRo, romelmac islamuri<br />
armiisgan baqos dasacavad britanelTa<br />
samxedro kontingenti<br />
kriminaluri mdgomareoba<br />
1918 wlis seqtemberSi kvlav<br />
mZime rCeboda kriminaluri viTareba<br />
saqarTveloSi. gazeTebSi moyvanili<br />
uamravi wvrilmani danaSaulis<br />
garda sakmaod xSiria mkvlelobebis,<br />
mZime yaCaRobisa da masStaburi<br />
Zarcvis SemTxvevebi.<br />
mdgomareoba im donemde iyo<br />
garTulebuli, rom damnaSaveebi<br />
saxelmwifo dawesebulebebsac ki<br />
Zarcvavdnen. warmoudgeneli SemTxveva<br />
moxda seqtemberSi, rodesac<br />
kriminalTa bandam, arc meti da<br />
arc naklebi, saxelmwifo xazinis<br />
sawyobi gaqurda da brunvaSi gasaSvebad<br />
gamzadebuli, axlad dabeWdili<br />
bonebi gaitaca. gazeTi „saqarTvelo”.<br />
1918 wlis 28 seqtemberi:<br />
„ukanasknel dReebSi xmebi gavrucnobi<br />
1918 wlis<br />
moiwvia, Tumca aman Sedegi ar gamoiRo.<br />
mZime brZolebis Semdeg, 15<br />
seqtembers, islamuri armia baqoSi<br />
Sevida da azerbaijanis mTavrobam<br />
qveynis dedaqalaqi daibruna.<br />
gazeTi „saqarTvelo”. 1918 wlis<br />
27 seqtemberi. gamoqveynebulia<br />
baqodan Camosuli qarTvelebis<br />
mier monayoli ambavi islamuri<br />
armiis mier baqos aRebis Sesaxeb:<br />
„gacxarebul sami dRis saartilerio<br />
brZolis Semdeg 15 seqtembers<br />
dilis 9 saaTze daeca baqo da Semovidnen<br />
osmalebi. pirvelad baqo-<br />
Si Semovidnen aderbaijanelebi da<br />
baqoeli TaTrebi, romlebic osmalTa<br />
reguliarul jars win mou-<br />
ZRoden. 9 dRis ganmavlobaSi osmalebma<br />
musri gaavles somxobas.<br />
amiT maT samagiero gadauxades somxebs,<br />
romelTac bolSevizmis batonobis<br />
dros ar daindes Tavisi<br />
mezoblebi. osmalTa Sesvlamde<br />
qalaqidan gazides fuli da Zvirfasi<br />
nivTebi, rbeva da xocva-Jleta<br />
gagrZelda meore dRis saRamomde,<br />
sanam osmalTa reguliaruli<br />
jarebi ar Semovidnen qalaqSi, ris<br />
Semdeg aRdgenili iqmna sruli wesiereba”.<br />
amave nomerSi gazeTi „saqarTvelo”<br />
baqoSi osmaluri armiis moqmedebaze<br />
da maT mier damyarebul<br />
wesrigze mogviTxrobs, saidanac<br />
irkveva, rom regularuli jaris<br />
Sesvlis Semdeg, nuri faSas brZanebiT,<br />
qalaqis sam adgilas aRmarTes<br />
saxrCobela da dasajes<br />
anarqiis moTaveebi da qurdebi.<br />
gazeTis cnobiT, qalaqis Tvalsa-<br />
Cino adgilas daxvrites ori kaci<br />
tansacmlis folaqebis qurdobisTvis.<br />
damnaSaveTa cxedrebi ori<br />
dRis ganmavlobaSi saxrCobelaze<br />
iyo gamofenili Sesabamisi warweriT.<br />
gazeTis cnobiT, baqoSi Sesuli<br />
islamuri armia qarTveli erovnebis<br />
moqalaqeebs didi pativiscemiT<br />
epyroboda da maT arafers uSavebda.<br />
azerbaijanelebma gaiTvaliswines,<br />
rom martis darbevis dros<br />
qalaqSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebi<br />
muslim mosaxleobas exmarebodnen<br />
da isic axsovdaT, rom islamuri<br />
armiis winaaRmdeg gamocxadebuli<br />
sayovelTao mobilizaciis dros<br />
qarTvelebma uari ganacxades azerbaijanelebis<br />
winaaRmdeg brZolaze.<br />
27 seqtemberi: „qarTvelebs<br />
Zalian yuradRebiT da mzrunvelobiT<br />
epyrobian. nuri-faSis gankargulebiT<br />
baqoSi tyveTmyof qarTvel<br />
aficrebs da jariskacebs<br />
misces sagangebo matarebeli, romelic<br />
22 seqtembers RamiT gamovida<br />
da tfilisSi 24-s Camovida.<br />
gzaSi araviTari dabrkoleba ar<br />
Sexvedria, mxolod or adgilas<br />
gauCxrekiaT. aris gankarguleba,<br />
rom pirvel rigSi gamouSvan dar-<br />
Cenili qarTveli moqalaqeni, sxva<br />
erovnebis moqalaqeT jer ar uSveben<br />
qalaqidano”.<br />
32 N27 (248) 14.08-4.09.2018 w.
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