qronika+248

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jer kidev hgoniaT, rom samoTxe
dedamiwazea.
msgavsi tipis rukebi, faqtobrivad,
geografiis enciklopediebi
gaxlavT. maTze uamravi werilobi-
Ti informaciaa datanili. kacobriobis
mTeli codna, rac im dros
adamianebis gonebaSi iyo samyaros
Sesaxeb, rukebzea dawerili. mTeli
teqstebia datanili _ miTiTebulia,
rom garkveuli teritoria
aris aietis saxelmwifo; rom dioskuria
aris is qalaqi, romelSic
27 sxvadasxva tomi cxovrobs da
CamoTvlilia ZiriTadi tomebi.
rukebze datanilia amazonebis
qalaqi. amazonebi, sadRac, SavizRvispireTSi
warmoedginaT. rogorc
Cans, amazonebi yvelas Zalian moswonda.
es, TavisTavad, Zalian saintereso
raRac aris igive emansipaciisa
da feminizmis Tvalsazrisi-
Tac _ amazonebis arseboba. pirvel
Cinur rukebze, savaraudod,
rodesac Cinelebs amazonebis Sesaxeb
mouyvnen, isini aRfrTovandnen
da rukaze miTiTebulia amazoni,
rogorc „qalTa samefo”.
uZveles rukebze
foto #2
es gaxlavT erT-erTi Zalian
tipuri da CvenTvis yvelaze didi,
Sua saukuneebis „msoflio ruka”.
is 1450 wliT aris daTariRebuli.
fra (Zma) mauro gaxldaT beri. Tu
am rukas kargad davakvirdebiT,
masze yvelafers SesaniSnavad davinaxavT.
masze afrika Zalian kargad
aris naCvenebi. es is periodia,
rodesac portugalielebs, jer
kidev, ar SemouvliaT garSemo afrikisTvis.
anu imis rwmena, rom afrika,
rogorc manamde egonaT, qvemodan
xmeleTTan iyo SeerTebuli
(indoeTis okeane didi xnis man-
Zilze egonaT Sida okeane), aq ukve
aRar aris. es mecnierulad, am
dros, damtkicebuli ar iyo, magram
mauros ukve gakeTebuli aqvs,
amitom es Zalian mniSvnelovani
momenti gaxlavT. ierusalimi, jer
kidev, TiTqmis, samyaros centrSia.
magram masze Zalian kargad aris
saqarTvelo datanili „jorjaniis
saxeliT”. es ruka italielebs sakmaod
kargad aqvT gaSifruli, magram
me kidev davamate gaSifvra
imitom, rom, Cemda gasakvirad,
Zalian martivad misaxvedri raRacebi
ar hqondaT gaSifruli. magaliTad,
ewera „xalcixe”, romelic
namdvilad gaxldaT axalcixe.
gamoricxulia, amasTan dakavSirebiT
sxva mosazrebac arsebobdes.
aseve Sevecade, rom sxva raRacebic
gameSifra. sxva mocemulobebi
dRemde kiTxvis niSnis qveS gaxlavT.
Zalian sainteresoa is, rom, magaliTad,
saubroben imasTan dakav-
SirebiT, SirvanSi, anu azerbaijanis
nawilSi, aris navTi _ navTi
aris kargi, rogorc _ zeTi da aseve
SeiZleba, mas moukido cecxli.
es aris erT-erTi pirveli SemTxveva,
rodesac rukaze aseTi informacia
gaxlavT naCvenebi. maurom im
dros mTeli is codna gamoiyena,
rac im dros mis irgvliv arsebobda.
absoluturad enciklopediuria
mTeli es procesebi. mas yvela
is wigni aqvs wakiTxuli, romelic
marko polosa da sxva mogzaurebis
Sesaxeb iwereboda. es imitom,
rom adamians pirdapir SeuZlia
ipovos citatebi maTi nawarmoebebidan.
Cven rom aviRoT kosmosidan
gadaRebuli dedamiwis ruka, gadmovatrialoT
da masze afrika zemoT
moxvdes, gaocdebiT, ramdenad
sworia napirebi. es aris pirveli
ruka, romelzec, savaraudod,
iaponia Cans. iaponiis elCma naxa
aRniSnuli ruka da Zalian gaexarda.
masze sakmaod didad aris naCvenebi
kunZuli iava. im dros iaponiaSi
arc erTi evropeli ar iyo
namyofi. samagierod, CineTSi iyvnen
namyofebi da maTgan icodnen, rom
zRvis iqiT kidev erTi Zalian saintereso
qveyana iyo _ ar icoden
arc forma da arc sxva informacia.
magram es namdvilad aris pirveli
ruka, romelzedac, savaraudod,
iaponia gaxlavT gamosaxuli.
saintereso is aris, rom xalxi ukve
ganaTlda. es adamiani aris beri,
magram icis, rom dedamiwaze samo-
Txe ar aris. samoTxe man dedamiwis
gareT gamoitana da rukaze ukve is
sferos miRmaa datanili. wina rukaze
samoTxe dedamiwazea. 150 weli
gadis da kacobriobam ukve icis,
rom samoTxe dedamiwaze ar aris.
erTi raRac minda davamato:
skolebSi gvaswavlidnen, rom adamianebs
Zalian primitiuli warmodgenebi
hqondaT dedamiwaze,
sabWoTa skolebSi iyo xolme gavrcelebuli
fotoebi, romlebzedac
dedamiwa xan kuze idga, xan _ spiloebze.
arasdros yofila msgavsi
warmodgenebi. es aris me-19 saukuneSi
mogonili, rodesac Sua saukuneebis
marginalizacia xdeboda da
viTom es periodi bneli iyo. jer
kidec berZnebma icodnen, rom dedamiwa
aris mrgvali _ burTiviT
mrgvali. es aris Zalian saintereso,
Tu rogor mividnen am daskvnamde.
berZnebi mTvares akvirdebodnen
da yovelTvis, rodesac dabneleba
xdeboda, icodnen, rom es
aris dedamiwis Crdili, romelic
mas ecema. manamde msjeloba iyo,
rom dedamiwas cilindris forma
aqvs, brtyelia, Tu - mrgvali. es
xdeba Cv.w.aR.mde me-5 saukuneSi.
sokrate ambobs, rom, rasakvirvelia,
dedamiwa burTiviT mrgvalia
imitom, rom, sxva SemTxvevaSi,
aseT Crdils araferi iZleva. TavisTavad,
Zalian sainteresoa, rogor
mixvda adamiani, romelsac aranairi
sxva saSualeba ar hqonda garda
imisa, rom SeuiaraRebeli TvaliT
dakvirveboda da eTqva, rom
dedamiwa aris burTiviT mrgvali.
brtyeli rom yofiliyo, maSin misi
anarekli xazis formac mogvcemda.
es Teoria kiTxvis niSnis qveS aRar
damdgara.
kiTxvis niSnis qveS dadga ukve
is sakiTxi, rac TviTon berZnebs
Soris iyo didi diskusiis sagani _
dedamiwaa centrSi, Tu _ mze? amaze
midioda didi msjelobebi da, Semdeg,
mogexsenebaT, qristianebi devnidnen
maT, vinc ambobda, rom
dedamiwa ar aris centrSi. ki, yvelafris
Semoqmedi RmerTia, magram
adamiani mxolod dedamiwazea da
amitom fiqrobdnen, rom aucileblad
dedamiwa unda yofiliyo yvelafris
centrSi. Semdeg eklesiac
mixvda, rom es ase ar iyo. rasakvirvelia,
eklesiis wiaRSi gaxldaT
erTi berZeni, romelic ambobda,
rom dedamiwa brtyelia, didi mTa
aris da am mTas efareba xolme mze
da a. S. sxvaTa Soris, unda iTqvas,
rom me-16 saukunemde es konkretuli
berZeni mxolod ruseTSi iyo
popularuli.
me rogorc aRvniSne, Zalian
didi mniSvneloba hqonda klaudius
ptolemeosis „geografias”. man
sakuTar wigns pirdapir uwoda „geografia”.
is mravalmxriv saintereso
mecnieria. mis am wignSi mocemulia
5000-ze meti adgilis grZedebi
da ganedebi mTel samyaroSi.
TviTon am wigns, Tavis droze, saberZneTSi,
hqonda Tu ara rukebi,
CvenTvis cnobili namdvilad ar
aris. magram SemdgomSi, rodesac
ukve bizantielebma daiwyes am wignebis
gadawera, ukve urTavdnen
rukebs.
foto #3
es gaxlavT me-15 saukunis ruka.
ra aris kidev Zalian mniSnelovani
klaudius ptolemeosis SemTxveva-
Si? erT-erTi mTavari sakiTxi
yovelTvis gaxldaT, rogor Sei-
Zleboda, 3D burTis gadmotana
sibrtyeze 2D-Si? anu rogori proeqcia
unda gakeTebuliyo? ptolemeoss
ramdenime proeqcia aqvs gakeTebuli,
rogor SeiZleboda amis
gadmotana. rukidan Cans, rom misi
proeqcia Zalian axlos aris rukis
dRevandel formasTan. es adamiani
Zalian win aris wasuli. man Zalian
kargad icis, rom samyaro mxolod
is ar aris, rac rukazea datanili.
magram amis iqiT aravin yofila da
aravin icis, rogoria es „danarCeni”.
ukve aristotele ambobs, rom
Cven ori didi tbis garSemo vsxedvarT
bayayebiviT. es ori didi tba
yovelTvis iyo Savi zRva da xmel-
TaSua zRva. amis gamo Savi zRva
yovelTvis Cans rukebze. SesaniSnavad
icodnen, rom samyaro iq ar
mTavrdeboda, rac maT icodnen,
magram sxva ar hqondaT nanaxi.
aleqsandre makedonelis dapyrobiTi
omebi Zalian didi mniSvnelobis
mqone iyo am mxrivac.
rasakvirvelia, omebi Zalian cudia
moraluri TvalsazrisiT, magram
is, amave dros, xels uwyobs
raRacebis Seswavlas. miT umetes,
im dros xalxi indoeTamde Cavida,
rac, ubralo mogzaurisTvis, Zalian
rTuli iqneboda. es ruka bizantielebma
rom ipoves, Semdeg italielebma
amoitanes bizantiidan, ase,
me-14 saukunis bolos da me-15 saukuneSi
„afeTqda” evropa ptolemeosiT.
warmoudgenlad bevri xelnaweri
da, Semdeg ukve, nabeWdi wigni
arsebobs ptolemeosTan dakav-
SirebiT. ptolemeosma germania ar
icis. es ruka, sxvaTa Soris, germaneli
kartografis daxatulia. rasakvirvelia,
maT ukeT ician. amitom
icodnen xolme danawevreba. magaliTad,
saqarTvelo gaxlavT
aziis rukebis mesame tabulaSi.
normalur SemTxvevaSi kolxeTi,
iberia da albaneTi erTad aris
xolme naCvenebi. aq saqme gvaqvs
aratipur dayofasTan _ kolxeTi
da iberia calkea da albaneTi kidev
_ calke. saintereso is aris,
rom ptolemeosma xedva, rasakvirvelia,
sruliad Secvala. antikurobas
imdenad didi gavlena hqonda,
rom ukve momavalSi ician saxeli
„saqarTvelo”, magram Zvel saxelebs
ubrundebian da kvlav aweria
xolme: kolxeTi, iberia, albane-
Ti.
samwuxarod, antikuri periodidan
rukebi ar aris SemorCenili.
arsebobs dawerili teqstebis sa-
SualebiT aRdgenis mcdlobebi,
Tumca mainc im epoqebis gavlenas
ganicdis, romelSic isini keTdeboda.
erTaderTi ruka, romelic
aslis saxiT SemorCa antikuri periodidan,
aris „tabula kuentigriana”.
kuentigeri iyo erT-erTi
antikvari da humanisti Sua saukuneebis
germaniaSi, romelsac es ruka
aCuqes, rodesac ipoves. rogorc
Cans, es ruka me-12 saukuneSi aris
gadaxatuli antikuri rukidan. is
Zalian grZelia da 12 nawilisagan
Sedgeba. is dRes avstriis erovnul
biblioTekaSi gaxlavT Senaxuli
da pirveli nawili, romelzec
datanili iyo espaneTi da britane-
Ti, dakargulia.
foto #4
es aris italieli kartografis,
pietro veskontes mier daxatuli
ruka. iyo aseTi kaci, mRvdeli, mario
saludo, romelmac jvarosnebis
gasamxneveblad wigni dawera. es
ruka Sua saukuneebSi araerTxel
aris gadawerili. es 1321 weli gaxlavT.
ramdenime rukaze „jorjia”
orjer weria. ar vici, SecdomiT
moxda, Tusruliad Segnebulad. es
is periodia, rodesac saqarTvelo
gayofilia or nawilad _ dasavleT
saqarTvelod da aRmosavleT saqarTvelod.
ar aris gamoricxuli,
rom es amas niSnavdes, roca rukaze
ori „jorjia” aris datanili,
magram, rasakvirvelia, rTuli
saTqmelia, radgan mis Sesaxeb wign-
Si araferi weria.
me-13 saukunis bolos iwyeba
„portolanebis epoqa”. portolanebi
aris sazRvao rukebi. is gaxlavT
absoluturad praqtikuli
gamoyenebisTvis. Zalian Zvirfasebs
mefeebi ukveTdnen, magram, Ziri-
Tadad, es rukebi gemebze hqondaT.
am rukebze pirvelad Cndeba xazebi,
romelTa meSveobiTac maT navigacia
SeeZloT. es aris epoqa,
rodesac ukve kompasi arsebobs, magram
kompasis arseboba verafriT
xsnis imas, Tu rogor moxda aseTi
warmoudgeneli naxtomis gakeTeba.
unda iTqvas, rom me-18 saukunis
dasawyisamde warmodgena ar hqondaT
kaspiis zRvis arsebobis Sesaxeb.
petre I-is damsaxurebaa, rom
kaspiis zRva Seiswavles. mas amis
Seswavla sWirdeboda da gemebis
floti gauSva. Semdeg ukve holandielma
da frangma geografebma
pirvelad daxates kaspiis zRvis,
met-naklebad, swori ruka.
arabebs Zalian uyvarT geometriuli
rukebi. xazebi Zalian sworad
aris gavlebuli. arsebobs mxolod
kaspiis zRvis rukebi, rogorc
absolutuli wre. am zRvis
Sesaxeb, antikuri epoqisgan gansxvavebiT,
fiqrobdnen, rom is aris
nawili msoflio okeanisa, romelic
xmeleTs garSemo akravs da zemodan
msoflio okeanisken gadis.
rasakvirvelia, arabebma, romlebic
vaWrobdnen da mogzaurobdnen,
icodnen, rom es zRva arsad gadioda
da SesaZlebeli iyo mis garSemo
Semovla”.
„saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi”
saqarTvelos rukis aTeulobiT
variants aqveynebs. regionebis,
TariRebis, daniSnulebebis, miznebisa
da sxva mimarTulebis mixedviT
formulirebuli rukebi dRes
araerT process amartivebs.
swored rukebis mravalferovneba
xdis bevr ideasa da mosazrebas
xelmisawvdoms. saukuneebis
manZilze is ixveweboda imisTvis,
rom 21-e saukunis samyaros iseTi
mieRo, rogoric dRes aris. antikuri
periodidan moyolebuli, mis
Sedgenasa da formirebaze aqtiurad
muSaobdnen is geniosebi,
romlebic wlebisa da saukuneebis
Semdeg bevrad dafasebulia. ase
Tu ise, msoflios gamartivebuli
modeli, dResdReobiT, yvela kontinents,
yvela regions, qveyanasa
da adamians uqmnis komforts.
N27 (248) 14.08-4.09.2018 w.
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