Comprehesive Boiler Manual Jan 2019

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iii. Sizing Flow increases exponentially with diameter NPS = Nominal Pipe Size: OD measured in Inches Area = πr 2 = π(½D) 2 DN = Diametre Nominel: OD measured in Millimeters (Metric) SCH or Schedule = a Strength Reference Number Is related to thickness SCH 40: typically SCH 80: typically for steam < 165psi for steam > 165psi SCH 10 SCH 120 P a g e 142
iv. Poiseuille’s Law Poiseuille’s Law Basically: 1) If you double the radius of the pipe, you can increase the flow by 16 times (r 4 = 2 4 = 16) 2) If flow remains constant and pipe is extended, then, in order to maintain a constant output pressure (P1), input pressure (P2) must increase. Note: Water is almost 8 times more viscous thinner at freezing (32˚F) than at the boiling point (212˚F). P a g e 143
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www.b-ct.net BOILERS Comprehensive
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iii. Air Compressor ...............
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ii. Composition ...................
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. Fuel Line Limit Controllers .....
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2) Fire Tube i. Multi-Pass Multi-Pa
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ICB: InterCooled Back boiler P a g
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iv. Stays Stays are often installed
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Flex Tube Bryan ® Flex Tube Closed
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Circular Coil Circular Coil Boiler
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O, D, A Type “O” Type “A” T
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iii. Downcomer spelling! Mud drum D
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v. Steam Scrubber: Baffles/Dry Pipe
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4) Water Cum Smoke Tube (Water and
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6) Closed Loop Boilers (Hot Water C
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Water Expansion Control Water Expan
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PEX tubing Closed Loop Continued PE
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Measurement Refractometer: Chemical
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Condensing Boiler Condensing Boiler
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7) Co-Generation a. Electricity Tes
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c. Steam Turbine Rotors (rotating)
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e. Non-Condensing Turbines Non-Cond
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A) Boiler Start Up, Operation and S
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i. Heat Pump Around 37°F many heat
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iii. Air Compressor Atomizing and C
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Temperature @ 0 psig = 1 Atm = sea
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Saturation Curve Saturation Curve S
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Extreme Precipitation A combination
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Water to Ice Expansion to Ice Expan
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i. Sublimation/Deposition Home Unit
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iii. Boiling/Condensing Vapor Cone:
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5) Steam Table Gauge Pressure Inche
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˚F → Water Rankine Cycle: Steam
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Digital psi sensor Aux. operations
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Water level indicator using Differe
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(Hydraulic Fracturing) Downward tre
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iii. Solid Fuels / BioMass Wood Sol
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Solid Fuels: Garbage Municipal Wast
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iv. Electricity Very small wall mou
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i. Combustion Air Atmospheric Draft
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ii. Spark Ignition Transformer Spar
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Premix Flame Diffusion Flame: no Ox
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Swirler and Nozzle The diffuser, or
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Burners Premix Burner Premix Mesh B
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ii. Oil Oil Burners Light Oil Steam
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Dual iii. Duel Fuel: NG & and Oil L
Page 91 and 92: Grate Bed Bed Step Grate Chain Grat
Page 93 and 94: Circulating CFB = Circulating Fluid
Page 95 and 96: Sonic Blast Soot Blower Uses compre
Page 97 and 98: i. Thermodynamic Thermodisc When co
Page 99 and 100: Mechanical continued Inverted Bucke
Page 101 and 102: Mechanical continued Float & Thermo
Page 103 and 104: Thermostatic continued Spring Expan
Page 105 and 106: v. Automatic Pump Trap (APT) = Cond
Page 107 and 108: PRV Let Down Station P a g e 107
Page 109 and 110: Desuperheater 2) Keeping steam temp
Page 111 and 112: High Capacity Instantaneous Steam F
Page 113 and 114: Motorized solenoid incoming steam c
Page 115 and 116: ii. Plate and Frame Plate and Frame
Page 117 and 118: iv. Steam Radiators Adjustable Ther
Page 119 and 120: vi. Autoclaves High temperature and
Page 121 and 122: 4) Pumps i. Reciprocating Reciproca
Page 123 and 124: iii. Centrifugal Series vs Parallel
Page 125 and 126: v. Motor Vibration Monitoring All r
Page 127 and 128: 5) Valves i. Types Ball Gate Butter
Page 129 and 130: iii. Actuators Actuators remotely o
Page 131 and 132: A Solenoid: Electricity creates a t
Page 133 and 134: Cavitation: Sudden implosion of low
Page 135 and 136: ii. Condensate Vacuum Pump During m
Page 137 and 138: Variable Frequency Drive ii. VFD: A
Page 139 and 140: D) Piping Systems 1) Pipes i. Manuf
Page 141: ii. Composition Carbon Steel Black
Page 145 and 146: Inline Steam Separators iii. Inline
Page 147 and 148: E) Water Quality 1) Water Chemistry
Page 149 and 150: pH Probe Acids have more positive i
Page 151 and 152: Conductivity vs. TDS Total dissolve
Page 153 and 154: 2) Make Up Water Up Water The term
Page 155 and 156: Water Softener Sodium (Na+) changes
Page 157 and 158: KCl vs. NaCl The potassium (K) atom
Page 159 and 160: iii. Filtration Suspended Solids Fi
Page 161 and 162: Slime Buildup on RO Membrane Foulin
Page 163 and 164: 3) Feed Water: DA Tank DeAerator i.
Page 165 and 166: Page 3 Overflow Valve controller, H
Page 167 and 168: 4) Boiler Water i. Caustic Embrittl
Page 169 and 170: iii. Residual Oxygen Pitting Contro
Page 171 and 172: v. Sludge and Settlement Control: B
Page 173 and 174: vi. Water Column Blowdown Normal co
Page 175 and 176: Most common amines pH controlling a
Page 177 and 178: LDI - Liquid Droplet Impingement ii
Page 179 and 180: 7) Chemical Feed Pumps Peristaltic
Page 181 and 182: G) System Documentation / Plant Per
Page 183 and 184: 2) Flow Meters i. Differential Pres
Page 185 and 186: ii. Ultrasonic 2. Ultrasonic Dopple
Page 187 and 188: 3) Energy Measurement Energy: measu
Page 189 and 190: Acid Rain Acid Rain Nitric Acid Sul
Page 191 and 192: SO₂ Control Sulfur Dioxide Contro
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Stoichiometric flame → Flame exti
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Premix Low NO x Burners By mixing t
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Flue Gas Recirculation, recycles a
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SCR Ammonia Free 3 Way Catalytic Co
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SCR Ammonia Injection Grid = AIG Th
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3 Way Dual Bed 3 Way Single Bed Pla
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(Particulate Matter) Control Electr
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, Bag House (Particulate Matter) Co
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New Technology New Technology Emiss
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CO₂ (Green House Gasses) Greenhou
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2) Generator System Components Turb
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I) Routine Equipment Maintenance 1)
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3) Small Boiler Layup/Seasonal Down
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2) Refractory Fire box lining (bric
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K) Safety Systems 1) Emergency Stop
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5) Hartford Loop The Hartford Loop
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. Fuel Line Limit Controllers Any o
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Using positive pressure air flow fr
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Boiler Gas Train PRVs Strainers Iso
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Pilot Line: NG pilot line extractio
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Atomizing Air/Steam for Fuel Oil At
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K = Potassium, Ag = Silver, Cs = Ce
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Flame Rod Flame Rod = Ionization Se
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Magnetic Float = gauge glass tubula
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L) Facilitating and monitoring rece
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M) Efficiency 1) LEED Program In th
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Hole Size 20 psi 25 psi 100 psi 200
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The difference in Oxygen concentrat
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Increase Effects (symptoms) 3) Effe
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Combustion Air Pre-Heaters 5) Combu
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6) Blowdown Heat Recovery i. Surfac
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Usable low psi steam 7) Flash Steam
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3) Periodic Table P a g e 257
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5) Boiler Device Nomenclature AFOSV
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Bypass Feeder .....................
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Hydrogen ..........................
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Reverse Osmosis ...................
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Comprehesive Boiler Manual Jan 2019

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