Comprehesive Boiler Manual Jan 2019

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Antifreeze Safety Prevents freezing in Closed Loops during shut downs. Closed Loop Continued PG C₃H₈O₂ Composition EG C2H6O2 Food Grade (You can drink it) Safety Toxic (Follow proper use and disposal guidelines) Nitrites are added to prevent corrosion. Cost (as of 2014) Inhibitor = Nitrites = corrosion prevention Because of safety, food-processing closed loop boilers generally are charged with Propylene Glycol. Use Because of cost, nonfood-processing closed loop boilers generally are charged with Ethylene Glycol. Automobile engine antifreeze usually contain antifoams, coagulants, dyes and other additives which may or may not effect a boiler’s proper operation. P a g e 32
Measurement Refractometer: Chemical concentration effects refraction angle. Float Type Antifreeze testers Since non-food grade (cheaper) antifreeze is generally used in automobile engines, these type of testers indicate freeze point of Ethylene Glycol. Glycol Mixing Tanks 1. Allows water to raise to room temperature before entering system, removing dissolved air. 2. A convenient way to make sure your percentage is correct. P a g e 33
Page 1 and 2: www.b-ct.net BOILERS Comprehensive
Page 3 and 4: iii. Air Compressor ...............
Page 5 and 6: ii. Composition ...................
Page 7 and 8: . Fuel Line Limit Controllers .....
Page 9 and 10: 2) Fire Tube i. Multi-Pass Multi-Pa
Page 11 and 12: ICB: InterCooled Back boiler P a g
Page 13 and 14: iv. Stays Stays are often installed
Page 15 and 16: Flex Tube Bryan ® Flex Tube Closed
Page 17 and 18: Circular Coil Circular Coil Boiler
Page 19 and 20: O, D, A Type “O” Type “A” T
Page 21 and 22: iii. Downcomer spelling! Mud drum D
Page 23 and 24: v. Steam Scrubber: Baffles/Dry Pipe
Page 25 and 26: 4) Water Cum Smoke Tube (Water and
Page 27 and 28: 6) Closed Loop Boilers (Hot Water C
Page 29 and 30: Water Expansion Control Water Expan
Page 31: PEX tubing Closed Loop Continued PE
Page 35 and 36: Condensing Boiler Condensing Boiler
Page 37 and 38: 7) Co-Generation a. Electricity Tes
Page 39 and 40: c. Steam Turbine Rotors (rotating)
Page 41 and 42: e. Non-Condensing Turbines Non-Cond
Page 43 and 44: A) Boiler Start Up, Operation and S
Page 45 and 46: i. Heat Pump Around 37°F many heat
Page 47 and 48: iii. Air Compressor Atomizing and C
Page 49 and 50: Temperature @ 0 psig = 1 Atm = sea
Page 51 and 52: Saturation Curve Saturation Curve S
Page 53 and 54: Extreme Precipitation A combination
Page 55 and 56: Water to Ice Expansion to Ice Expan
Page 57 and 58: i. Sublimation/Deposition Home Unit
Page 59 and 60: iii. Boiling/Condensing Vapor Cone:
Page 61 and 62: 5) Steam Table Gauge Pressure Inche
Page 63 and 64: ˚F → Water Rankine Cycle: Steam
Page 65 and 66: Digital psi sensor Aux. operations
Page 67 and 68: Water level indicator using Differe
Page 69 and 70: (Hydraulic Fracturing) Downward tre
Page 71 and 72: iii. Solid Fuels / BioMass Wood Sol
Page 73 and 74: Solid Fuels: Garbage Municipal Wast
Page 75 and 76: iv. Electricity Very small wall mou
Page 77 and 78: i. Combustion Air Atmospheric Draft
Page 79 and 80: ii. Spark Ignition Transformer Spar
Page 81 and 82: Premix Flame Diffusion Flame: no Ox
Page 83 and 84:
Swirler and Nozzle The diffuser, or
Page 85 and 86:
Burners Premix Burner Premix Mesh B
Page 87 and 88:
ii. Oil Oil Burners Light Oil Steam
Page 89 and 90:
Dual iii. Duel Fuel: NG & and Oil L
Page 91 and 92:
Grate Bed Bed Step Grate Chain Grat
Page 93 and 94:
Circulating CFB = Circulating Fluid
Page 95 and 96:
Sonic Blast Soot Blower Uses compre
Page 97 and 98:
i. Thermodynamic Thermodisc When co
Page 99 and 100:
Mechanical continued Inverted Bucke
Page 101 and 102:
Mechanical continued Float & Thermo
Page 103 and 104:
Thermostatic continued Spring Expan
Page 105 and 106:
v. Automatic Pump Trap (APT) = Cond
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PRV Let Down Station P a g e 107
Page 109 and 110:
Desuperheater 2) Keeping steam temp
Page 111 and 112:
High Capacity Instantaneous Steam F
Page 113 and 114:
Motorized solenoid incoming steam c
Page 115 and 116:
ii. Plate and Frame Plate and Frame
Page 117 and 118:
iv. Steam Radiators Adjustable Ther
Page 119 and 120:
vi. Autoclaves High temperature and
Page 121 and 122:
4) Pumps i. Reciprocating Reciproca
Page 123 and 124:
iii. Centrifugal Series vs Parallel
Page 125 and 126:
v. Motor Vibration Monitoring All r
Page 127 and 128:
5) Valves i. Types Ball Gate Butter
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iii. Actuators Actuators remotely o
Page 131 and 132:
A Solenoid: Electricity creates a t
Page 133 and 134:
Cavitation: Sudden implosion of low
Page 135 and 136:
ii. Condensate Vacuum Pump During m
Page 137 and 138:
Variable Frequency Drive ii. VFD: A
Page 139 and 140:
D) Piping Systems 1) Pipes i. Manuf
Page 141 and 142:
ii. Composition Carbon Steel Black
Page 143 and 144:
iv. Poiseuille’s Law Poiseuille
Page 145 and 146:
Inline Steam Separators iii. Inline
Page 147 and 148:
E) Water Quality 1) Water Chemistry
Page 149 and 150:
pH Probe Acids have more positive i
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Conductivity vs. TDS Total dissolve
Page 153 and 154:
2) Make Up Water Up Water The term
Page 155 and 156:
Water Softener Sodium (Na+) changes
Page 157 and 158:
KCl vs. NaCl The potassium (K) atom
Page 159 and 160:
iii. Filtration Suspended Solids Fi
Page 161 and 162:
Slime Buildup on RO Membrane Foulin
Page 163 and 164:
3) Feed Water: DA Tank DeAerator i.
Page 165 and 166:
Page 3 Overflow Valve controller, H
Page 167 and 168:
4) Boiler Water i. Caustic Embrittl
Page 169 and 170:
iii. Residual Oxygen Pitting Contro
Page 171 and 172:
v. Sludge and Settlement Control: B
Page 173 and 174:
vi. Water Column Blowdown Normal co
Page 175 and 176:
Most common amines pH controlling a
Page 177 and 178:
LDI - Liquid Droplet Impingement ii
Page 179 and 180:
7) Chemical Feed Pumps Peristaltic
Page 181 and 182:
G) System Documentation / Plant Per
Page 183 and 184:
2) Flow Meters i. Differential Pres
Page 185 and 186:
ii. Ultrasonic 2. Ultrasonic Dopple
Page 187 and 188:
3) Energy Measurement Energy: measu
Page 189 and 190:
Acid Rain Acid Rain Nitric Acid Sul
Page 191 and 192:
SO₂ Control Sulfur Dioxide Contro
Page 193 and 194:
Stoichiometric flame → Flame exti
Page 195 and 196:
Premix Low NO x Burners By mixing t
Page 197 and 198:
Flue Gas Recirculation, recycles a
Page 199 and 200:
SCR Ammonia Free 3 Way Catalytic Co
Page 201 and 202:
SCR Ammonia Injection Grid = AIG Th
Page 203 and 204:
3 Way Dual Bed 3 Way Single Bed Pla
Page 205 and 206:
(Particulate Matter) Control Electr
Page 207 and 208:
, Bag House (Particulate Matter) Co
Page 209 and 210:
New Technology New Technology Emiss
Page 211 and 212:
CO₂ (Green House Gasses) Greenhou
Page 213 and 214:
2) Generator System Components Turb
Page 215 and 216:
I) Routine Equipment Maintenance 1)
Page 217 and 218:
3) Small Boiler Layup/Seasonal Down
Page 219 and 220:
2) Refractory Fire box lining (bric
Page 221 and 222:
K) Safety Systems 1) Emergency Stop
Page 223 and 224:
5) Hartford Loop The Hartford Loop
Page 225 and 226:
. Fuel Line Limit Controllers Any o
Page 227 and 228:
Using positive pressure air flow fr
Page 229 and 230:
Boiler Gas Train PRVs Strainers Iso
Page 231 and 232:
Pilot Line: NG pilot line extractio
Page 233 and 234:
Atomizing Air/Steam for Fuel Oil At
Page 235 and 236:
K = Potassium, Ag = Silver, Cs = Ce
Page 237 and 238:
Flame Rod Flame Rod = Ionization Se
Page 239 and 240:
Magnetic Float = gauge glass tubula
Page 241 and 242:
L) Facilitating and monitoring rece
Page 243 and 244:
M) Efficiency 1) LEED Program In th
Page 245 and 246:
Hole Size 20 psi 25 psi 100 psi 200
Page 247 and 248:
The difference in Oxygen concentrat
Page 249 and 250:
Increase Effects (symptoms) 3) Effe
Page 251 and 252:
Combustion Air Pre-Heaters 5) Combu
Page 253 and 254:
6) Blowdown Heat Recovery i. Surfac
Page 255 and 256:
Usable low psi steam 7) Flash Steam
Page 257 and 258:
3) Periodic Table P a g e 257
Page 259 and 260:
5) Boiler Device Nomenclature AFOSV
Page 261 and 262:
Bypass Feeder .....................
Page 263 and 264:
Hydrogen ..........................
Page 265 and 266:
Reverse Osmosis ...................
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Comprehesive Boiler Manual Jan 2019

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