Comprehesive Boiler Manual Jan 2019

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ii. Water Phase Expansion Water to Vapor Expansion Water to Vapor When Temperature ↑ and Pressure stays the same, then Volume must ↑ v = 0.01672 ft 3 Now imagine a 500 gallon boiler rupturing and instantly filling the building with 111,700 ft 3 (100 hot air balloons) of flash steam Denver: 500 gallon boiler explosion P a g e 54
Water to Ice Expansion to Ice Expansion Slightly negative Slightly positive Ice’s seed molecule has six equal sides. As more H2O molcules attach to the seed molecule, equal branches form at 60˚ angles. Electrical charge can affect water flow 60° Water to Ice Volume Expands about 10% Which is about the same as: 10 ft 3 water making 11 ft 3 of ice …, and Ice Floats (less dense) 60° …, and breaks lines P a g e 55
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www.b-ct.net BOILERS Comprehensive
Page 3 and 4: iii. Air Compressor ...............
Page 5 and 6: ii. Composition ...................
Page 7 and 8: . Fuel Line Limit Controllers .....
Page 9 and 10: 2) Fire Tube i. Multi-Pass Multi-Pa
Page 11 and 12: ICB: InterCooled Back boiler P a g
Page 13 and 14: iv. Stays Stays are often installed
Page 15 and 16: Flex Tube Bryan ® Flex Tube Closed
Page 17 and 18: Circular Coil Circular Coil Boiler
Page 19 and 20: O, D, A Type “O” Type “A” T
Page 21 and 22: iii. Downcomer spelling! Mud drum D
Page 23 and 24: v. Steam Scrubber: Baffles/Dry Pipe
Page 25 and 26: 4) Water Cum Smoke Tube (Water and
Page 27 and 28: 6) Closed Loop Boilers (Hot Water C
Page 29 and 30: Water Expansion Control Water Expan
Page 31 and 32: PEX tubing Closed Loop Continued PE
Page 33 and 34: Measurement Refractometer: Chemical
Page 35 and 36: Condensing Boiler Condensing Boiler
Page 37 and 38: 7) Co-Generation a. Electricity Tes
Page 39 and 40: c. Steam Turbine Rotors (rotating)
Page 41 and 42: e. Non-Condensing Turbines Non-Cond
Page 43 and 44: A) Boiler Start Up, Operation and S
Page 45 and 46: i. Heat Pump Around 37°F many heat
Page 47 and 48: iii. Air Compressor Atomizing and C
Page 49 and 50: Temperature @ 0 psig = 1 Atm = sea
Page 51 and 52: Saturation Curve Saturation Curve S
Page 53: Extreme Precipitation A combination
Page 57 and 58: i. Sublimation/Deposition Home Unit
Page 59 and 60: iii. Boiling/Condensing Vapor Cone:
Page 61 and 62: 5) Steam Table Gauge Pressure Inche
Page 63 and 64: ˚F → Water Rankine Cycle: Steam
Page 65 and 66: Digital psi sensor Aux. operations
Page 67 and 68: Water level indicator using Differe
Page 69 and 70: (Hydraulic Fracturing) Downward tre
Page 71 and 72: iii. Solid Fuels / BioMass Wood Sol
Page 73 and 74: Solid Fuels: Garbage Municipal Wast
Page 75 and 76: iv. Electricity Very small wall mou
Page 77 and 78: i. Combustion Air Atmospheric Draft
Page 79 and 80: ii. Spark Ignition Transformer Spar
Page 81 and 82: Premix Flame Diffusion Flame: no Ox
Page 83 and 84: Swirler and Nozzle The diffuser, or
Page 85 and 86: Burners Premix Burner Premix Mesh B
Page 87 and 88: ii. Oil Oil Burners Light Oil Steam
Page 89 and 90: Dual iii. Duel Fuel: NG & and Oil L
Page 91 and 92: Grate Bed Bed Step Grate Chain Grat
Page 93 and 94: Circulating CFB = Circulating Fluid
Page 95 and 96: Sonic Blast Soot Blower Uses compre
Page 97 and 98: i. Thermodynamic Thermodisc When co
Page 99 and 100: Mechanical continued Inverted Bucke
Page 101 and 102: Mechanical continued Float & Thermo
Page 103 and 104: Thermostatic continued Spring Expan
Page 105 and 106:
v. Automatic Pump Trap (APT) = Cond
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PRV Let Down Station P a g e 107
Page 109 and 110:
Desuperheater 2) Keeping steam temp
Page 111 and 112:
High Capacity Instantaneous Steam F
Page 113 and 114:
Motorized solenoid incoming steam c
Page 115 and 116:
ii. Plate and Frame Plate and Frame
Page 117 and 118:
iv. Steam Radiators Adjustable Ther
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vi. Autoclaves High temperature and
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4) Pumps i. Reciprocating Reciproca
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iii. Centrifugal Series vs Parallel
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v. Motor Vibration Monitoring All r
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5) Valves i. Types Ball Gate Butter
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iii. Actuators Actuators remotely o
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A Solenoid: Electricity creates a t
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Cavitation: Sudden implosion of low
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ii. Condensate Vacuum Pump During m
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Variable Frequency Drive ii. VFD: A
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D) Piping Systems 1) Pipes i. Manuf
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ii. Composition Carbon Steel Black
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iv. Poiseuille’s Law Poiseuille
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Inline Steam Separators iii. Inline
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E) Water Quality 1) Water Chemistry
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pH Probe Acids have more positive i
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Conductivity vs. TDS Total dissolve
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2) Make Up Water Up Water The term
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Water Softener Sodium (Na+) changes
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KCl vs. NaCl The potassium (K) atom
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iii. Filtration Suspended Solids Fi
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Slime Buildup on RO Membrane Foulin
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3) Feed Water: DA Tank DeAerator i.
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Page 3 Overflow Valve controller, H
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4) Boiler Water i. Caustic Embrittl
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iii. Residual Oxygen Pitting Contro
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v. Sludge and Settlement Control: B
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vi. Water Column Blowdown Normal co
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Most common amines pH controlling a
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LDI - Liquid Droplet Impingement ii
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7) Chemical Feed Pumps Peristaltic
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G) System Documentation / Plant Per
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2) Flow Meters i. Differential Pres
Page 185 and 186:
ii. Ultrasonic 2. Ultrasonic Dopple
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3) Energy Measurement Energy: measu
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Acid Rain Acid Rain Nitric Acid Sul
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SO₂ Control Sulfur Dioxide Contro
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Stoichiometric flame → Flame exti
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Premix Low NO x Burners By mixing t
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Flue Gas Recirculation, recycles a
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SCR Ammonia Free 3 Way Catalytic Co
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SCR Ammonia Injection Grid = AIG Th
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3 Way Dual Bed 3 Way Single Bed Pla
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(Particulate Matter) Control Electr
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, Bag House (Particulate Matter) Co
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New Technology New Technology Emiss
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CO₂ (Green House Gasses) Greenhou
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2) Generator System Components Turb
Page 215 and 216:
I) Routine Equipment Maintenance 1)
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3) Small Boiler Layup/Seasonal Down
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2) Refractory Fire box lining (bric
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K) Safety Systems 1) Emergency Stop
Page 223 and 224:
5) Hartford Loop The Hartford Loop
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. Fuel Line Limit Controllers Any o
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Using positive pressure air flow fr
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Boiler Gas Train PRVs Strainers Iso
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Pilot Line: NG pilot line extractio
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Atomizing Air/Steam for Fuel Oil At
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K = Potassium, Ag = Silver, Cs = Ce
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Flame Rod Flame Rod = Ionization Se
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Magnetic Float = gauge glass tubula
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L) Facilitating and monitoring rece
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M) Efficiency 1) LEED Program In th
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Hole Size 20 psi 25 psi 100 psi 200
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The difference in Oxygen concentrat
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Increase Effects (symptoms) 3) Effe
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Combustion Air Pre-Heaters 5) Combu
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6) Blowdown Heat Recovery i. Surfac
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Usable low psi steam 7) Flash Steam
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3) Periodic Table P a g e 257
Page 259 and 260:
5) Boiler Device Nomenclature AFOSV
Page 261 and 262:
Bypass Feeder .....................
Page 263 and 264:
Hydrogen ..........................
Page 265 and 266:
Reverse Osmosis ...................
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Comprehesive Boiler Manual Jan 2019

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