Comprehesive Boiler Manual Jan 2019

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2) Flow Meters .............................................................................................................................................................. 183 i. Differential Pressure ....................................................................................................................................... 183 ii. Ultrasonic ....................................................................................................................................................... 185 iii. Coriolis Oscillation .......................................................................................................................................... 185 iv. Positive Displacement .................................................................................................................................... 186 3) Energy Measurement ............................................................................................................................................... 187 4) Air Pollution (Emissions)........................................................................................................................................... 188 Boiler Mact .......................................................................................................................................................... 188 Acid Rain ............................................................................................................................................................. 189 CO, HC and Ground Level Ozone ......................................................................................................................... 190 SO₂ Control .......................................................................................................................................................... 191 NO x, HC and CO Control ...................................................................................................................................... 193 Particulate Matter (PM) Control ......................................................................................................................... 206 Residual Exhaust Acid Absorber .......................................................................................................................... 208 New Technology .................................................................................................................................................. 209 CO ₂ (Green House Gasses)................................................................................................................................... 211 H) Emergency Generator .................................................................................................................................................... 212 1) Arc Flash ................................................................................................................................................................... 212 2) Generator System Components ............................................................................................................................... 213 I) Routine Equipment Maintenance .................................................................................................................................... 215 1) EMP (Equipment Maintenance Plans) ...................................................................................................................... 215 2) Lock Out / Tag Out .................................................................................................................................................... 216 3) Small Boiler Layup/Seasonal Shut Down ................................................................................................................... 217 i. Wet .................................................................................................................................................................. 217 ii. Dry ................................................................................................................................................................... 217 J) Inspection Preparation .................................................................................................................................................... 218 1) Internal vs. Operational ............................................................................................................................................ 218 2) Refractory ................................................................................................................................................................. 219 3) Seal Ropes ................................................................................................................................................................ 220 K) Safety Systems ................................................................................................................................................................ 221 1) Emergency Stop Button ............................................................................................................................................ 221 2) Earthquake Shutoff .................................................................................................................................................. 221 3) Pop-Off Valve............................................................................................................................................................ 222 4) OS&Y ......................................................................................................................................................................... 222 5) Hartford Loop ........................................................................................................................................................... 223 6) Safety Limit Controls ................................................................................................................................................ 224 a. Boiler Failure Examples ................................................................................................................................... 224 P a g e 6
. Fuel Line Limit Controllers ............................................................................................................................... 225 c. Air Flow Proving Switches ................................................................................................................................ 226 d. Fuel Line Train Parts ........................................................................................................................................ 228 f. Water Column .................................................................................................................................................. 238 g. Carbon Monoxide ............................................................................................................................................ 240 L) Facilitating and monitoring receipt of fuels .................................................................................................................... 241 M) Efficiency........................................................................................................................................................................ 243 1) LEED Program ........................................................................................................................................................... 243 2) Causes of Inefficiency ............................................................................................................................................... 244 3) Effects of Inefficiency ............................................................................................................................................... 249 4) Economizer ............................................................................................................................................................... 250 5) Combustion Air Preheater ........................................................................................................................................ 251 i. Recuperative/Regenerative ............................................................................................................................. 251 ii. Tubular ............................................................................................................................................................ 252 6) Blowdown Heat Recovery ........................................................................................................................................ 253 i. Surface/Continuous ......................................................................................................................................... 253 ii. Surface and/or Bottom .................................................................................................................................... 254 7) Flash Steam Recovery ............................................................................................................................................... 255 N) Reference Charts ............................................................................................................................................................ 256 1) Pipe Schedules .......................................................................................................................................................... 256 2) Metric Prefixes .......................................................................................................................................................... 256 3) Periodic Table ........................................................................................................................................................... 257 4) Blue Print/Schematic Symbols ................................................................................................................................. 258 i. Valve ............................................................................................................................................................... 258 ii. HVAC ............................................................................................................................................................... 258 iii. Electrical ......................................................................................................................................................... 258 5) Boiler Device Nomenclature .................................................................................................................................... 259 Section 107 of the Copyright Act provides the statutory framework for determining whether something is a fair use and identifies certain types of uses—such as criticism, comments, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. P a g e 7
Page 1 and 2: www.b-ct.net BOILERS Comprehensive
Page 3 and 4: iii. Air Compressor ...............
Page 5: ii. Composition ...................
Page 9 and 10: 2) Fire Tube i. Multi-Pass Multi-Pa
Page 11 and 12: ICB: InterCooled Back boiler P a g
Page 13 and 14: iv. Stays Stays are often installed
Page 15 and 16: Flex Tube Bryan ® Flex Tube Closed
Page 17 and 18: Circular Coil Circular Coil Boiler
Page 19 and 20: O, D, A Type “O” Type “A” T
Page 21 and 22: iii. Downcomer spelling! Mud drum D
Page 23 and 24: v. Steam Scrubber: Baffles/Dry Pipe
Page 25 and 26: 4) Water Cum Smoke Tube (Water and
Page 27 and 28: 6) Closed Loop Boilers (Hot Water C
Page 29 and 30: Water Expansion Control Water Expan
Page 31 and 32: PEX tubing Closed Loop Continued PE
Page 33 and 34: Measurement Refractometer: Chemical
Page 35 and 36: Condensing Boiler Condensing Boiler
Page 37 and 38: 7) Co-Generation a. Electricity Tes
Page 39 and 40: c. Steam Turbine Rotors (rotating)
Page 41 and 42: e. Non-Condensing Turbines Non-Cond
Page 43 and 44: A) Boiler Start Up, Operation and S
Page 45 and 46: i. Heat Pump Around 37°F many heat
Page 47 and 48: iii. Air Compressor Atomizing and C
Page 49 and 50: Temperature @ 0 psig = 1 Atm = sea
Page 51 and 52: Saturation Curve Saturation Curve S
Page 53 and 54: Extreme Precipitation A combination
Page 55 and 56: Water to Ice Expansion to Ice Expan
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i. Sublimation/Deposition Home Unit
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iii. Boiling/Condensing Vapor Cone:
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5) Steam Table Gauge Pressure Inche
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˚F → Water Rankine Cycle: Steam
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Digital psi sensor Aux. operations
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Water level indicator using Differe
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(Hydraulic Fracturing) Downward tre
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iii. Solid Fuels / BioMass Wood Sol
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Solid Fuels: Garbage Municipal Wast
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iv. Electricity Very small wall mou
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i. Combustion Air Atmospheric Draft
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ii. Spark Ignition Transformer Spar
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Premix Flame Diffusion Flame: no Ox
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Swirler and Nozzle The diffuser, or
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Burners Premix Burner Premix Mesh B
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ii. Oil Oil Burners Light Oil Steam
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Dual iii. Duel Fuel: NG & and Oil L
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Grate Bed Bed Step Grate Chain Grat
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Circulating CFB = Circulating Fluid
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Sonic Blast Soot Blower Uses compre
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i. Thermodynamic Thermodisc When co
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Mechanical continued Inverted Bucke
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Mechanical continued Float & Thermo
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Thermostatic continued Spring Expan
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v. Automatic Pump Trap (APT) = Cond
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PRV Let Down Station P a g e 107
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Desuperheater 2) Keeping steam temp
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High Capacity Instantaneous Steam F
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Motorized solenoid incoming steam c
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ii. Plate and Frame Plate and Frame
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iv. Steam Radiators Adjustable Ther
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vi. Autoclaves High temperature and
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4) Pumps i. Reciprocating Reciproca
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iii. Centrifugal Series vs Parallel
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v. Motor Vibration Monitoring All r
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5) Valves i. Types Ball Gate Butter
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iii. Actuators Actuators remotely o
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A Solenoid: Electricity creates a t
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Cavitation: Sudden implosion of low
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ii. Condensate Vacuum Pump During m
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Variable Frequency Drive ii. VFD: A
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D) Piping Systems 1) Pipes i. Manuf
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ii. Composition Carbon Steel Black
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iv. Poiseuille’s Law Poiseuille
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Inline Steam Separators iii. Inline
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E) Water Quality 1) Water Chemistry
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pH Probe Acids have more positive i
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Conductivity vs. TDS Total dissolve
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2) Make Up Water Up Water The term
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Water Softener Sodium (Na+) changes
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KCl vs. NaCl The potassium (K) atom
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iii. Filtration Suspended Solids Fi
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Slime Buildup on RO Membrane Foulin
Page 163 and 164:
3) Feed Water: DA Tank DeAerator i.
Page 165 and 166:
Page 3 Overflow Valve controller, H
Page 167 and 168:
4) Boiler Water i. Caustic Embrittl
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iii. Residual Oxygen Pitting Contro
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v. Sludge and Settlement Control: B
Page 173 and 174:
vi. Water Column Blowdown Normal co
Page 175 and 176:
Most common amines pH controlling a
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LDI - Liquid Droplet Impingement ii
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7) Chemical Feed Pumps Peristaltic
Page 181 and 182:
G) System Documentation / Plant Per
Page 183 and 184:
2) Flow Meters i. Differential Pres
Page 185 and 186:
ii. Ultrasonic 2. Ultrasonic Dopple
Page 187 and 188:
3) Energy Measurement Energy: measu
Page 189 and 190:
Acid Rain Acid Rain Nitric Acid Sul
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SO₂ Control Sulfur Dioxide Contro
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Stoichiometric flame → Flame exti
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Premix Low NO x Burners By mixing t
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Flue Gas Recirculation, recycles a
Page 199 and 200:
SCR Ammonia Free 3 Way Catalytic Co
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SCR Ammonia Injection Grid = AIG Th
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3 Way Dual Bed 3 Way Single Bed Pla
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(Particulate Matter) Control Electr
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, Bag House (Particulate Matter) Co
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New Technology New Technology Emiss
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CO₂ (Green House Gasses) Greenhou
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2) Generator System Components Turb
Page 215 and 216:
I) Routine Equipment Maintenance 1)
Page 217 and 218:
3) Small Boiler Layup/Seasonal Down
Page 219 and 220:
2) Refractory Fire box lining (bric
Page 221 and 222:
K) Safety Systems 1) Emergency Stop
Page 223 and 224:
5) Hartford Loop The Hartford Loop
Page 225 and 226:
. Fuel Line Limit Controllers Any o
Page 227 and 228:
Using positive pressure air flow fr
Page 229 and 230:
Boiler Gas Train PRVs Strainers Iso
Page 231 and 232:
Pilot Line: NG pilot line extractio
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Atomizing Air/Steam for Fuel Oil At
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K = Potassium, Ag = Silver, Cs = Ce
Page 237 and 238:
Flame Rod Flame Rod = Ionization Se
Page 239 and 240:
Magnetic Float = gauge glass tubula
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L) Facilitating and monitoring rece
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M) Efficiency 1) LEED Program In th
Page 245 and 246:
Hole Size 20 psi 25 psi 100 psi 200
Page 247 and 248:
The difference in Oxygen concentrat
Page 249 and 250:
Increase Effects (symptoms) 3) Effe
Page 251 and 252:
Combustion Air Pre-Heaters 5) Combu
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6) Blowdown Heat Recovery i. Surfac
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Usable low psi steam 7) Flash Steam
Page 257 and 258:
3) Periodic Table P a g e 257
Page 259 and 260:
5) Boiler Device Nomenclature AFOSV
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Bypass Feeder .....................
Page 263 and 264:
Hydrogen ..........................
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Reverse Osmosis ...................
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Comprehesive Boiler Manual Jan 2019

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