Comprehesive Boiler Manual Jan 2019

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Sea Level Pressure 4) Pressure vs Temperature Chart Phases of Water Pressure vs. Temperature Freeze Point Curve Evaporation Curve 14.7 psia = 0 psig = 1 atm = 1 bar Solid As Pressure increases, H 2O favors the state that takes up less space, NOTICE: the slight backwards freeze Sea Level curve and the forward boiling curve. Vapor Triple Point (not to scale) Absolute Zero (Theoretical) Temperature 32°F 0°C 212°F 100°C Solid Vapor Where Freeze Point Curve, Evaporation Curve and Sublimation Curves Meet = 0.09psia and 32.02°F Triple Point P a g e 56
i. Sublimation/Deposition Home Unit Freeze Dryer Sublimation = Freeze Dryers Low temperature and pressure Vacuum Chamber 2. About 90% of the food’s moisture is drawn off by sublimating the ice at temperature as low as -60º F P a g e 57
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www.b-ct.net BOILERS Comprehensive
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iii. Air Compressor ...............
Page 5 and 6: ii. Composition ...................
Page 7 and 8: . Fuel Line Limit Controllers .....
Page 9 and 10: 2) Fire Tube i. Multi-Pass Multi-Pa
Page 11 and 12: ICB: InterCooled Back boiler P a g
Page 13 and 14: iv. Stays Stays are often installed
Page 15 and 16: Flex Tube Bryan ® Flex Tube Closed
Page 17 and 18: Circular Coil Circular Coil Boiler
Page 19 and 20: O, D, A Type “O” Type “A” T
Page 21 and 22: iii. Downcomer spelling! Mud drum D
Page 23 and 24: v. Steam Scrubber: Baffles/Dry Pipe
Page 25 and 26: 4) Water Cum Smoke Tube (Water and
Page 27 and 28: 6) Closed Loop Boilers (Hot Water C
Page 29 and 30: Water Expansion Control Water Expan
Page 31 and 32: PEX tubing Closed Loop Continued PE
Page 33 and 34: Measurement Refractometer: Chemical
Page 35 and 36: Condensing Boiler Condensing Boiler
Page 37 and 38: 7) Co-Generation a. Electricity Tes
Page 39 and 40: c. Steam Turbine Rotors (rotating)
Page 41 and 42: e. Non-Condensing Turbines Non-Cond
Page 43 and 44: A) Boiler Start Up, Operation and S
Page 45 and 46: i. Heat Pump Around 37°F many heat
Page 47 and 48: iii. Air Compressor Atomizing and C
Page 49 and 50: Temperature @ 0 psig = 1 Atm = sea
Page 51 and 52: Saturation Curve Saturation Curve S
Page 53 and 54: Extreme Precipitation A combination
Page 55: Water to Ice Expansion to Ice Expan
Page 59 and 60: iii. Boiling/Condensing Vapor Cone:
Page 61 and 62: 5) Steam Table Gauge Pressure Inche
Page 63 and 64: ˚F → Water Rankine Cycle: Steam
Page 65 and 66: Digital psi sensor Aux. operations
Page 67 and 68: Water level indicator using Differe
Page 69 and 70: (Hydraulic Fracturing) Downward tre
Page 71 and 72: iii. Solid Fuels / BioMass Wood Sol
Page 73 and 74: Solid Fuels: Garbage Municipal Wast
Page 75 and 76: iv. Electricity Very small wall mou
Page 77 and 78: i. Combustion Air Atmospheric Draft
Page 79 and 80: ii. Spark Ignition Transformer Spar
Page 81 and 82: Premix Flame Diffusion Flame: no Ox
Page 83 and 84: Swirler and Nozzle The diffuser, or
Page 85 and 86: Burners Premix Burner Premix Mesh B
Page 87 and 88: ii. Oil Oil Burners Light Oil Steam
Page 89 and 90: Dual iii. Duel Fuel: NG & and Oil L
Page 91 and 92: Grate Bed Bed Step Grate Chain Grat
Page 93 and 94: Circulating CFB = Circulating Fluid
Page 95 and 96: Sonic Blast Soot Blower Uses compre
Page 97 and 98: i. Thermodynamic Thermodisc When co
Page 99 and 100: Mechanical continued Inverted Bucke
Page 101 and 102: Mechanical continued Float & Thermo
Page 103 and 104: Thermostatic continued Spring Expan
Page 105 and 106: v. Automatic Pump Trap (APT) = Cond
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PRV Let Down Station P a g e 107
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Desuperheater 2) Keeping steam temp
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High Capacity Instantaneous Steam F
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Motorized solenoid incoming steam c
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ii. Plate and Frame Plate and Frame
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iv. Steam Radiators Adjustable Ther
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vi. Autoclaves High temperature and
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4) Pumps i. Reciprocating Reciproca
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iii. Centrifugal Series vs Parallel
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v. Motor Vibration Monitoring All r
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5) Valves i. Types Ball Gate Butter
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iii. Actuators Actuators remotely o
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A Solenoid: Electricity creates a t
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Cavitation: Sudden implosion of low
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ii. Condensate Vacuum Pump During m
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Variable Frequency Drive ii. VFD: A
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D) Piping Systems 1) Pipes i. Manuf
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ii. Composition Carbon Steel Black
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iv. Poiseuille’s Law Poiseuille
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Inline Steam Separators iii. Inline
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E) Water Quality 1) Water Chemistry
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pH Probe Acids have more positive i
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Conductivity vs. TDS Total dissolve
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2) Make Up Water Up Water The term
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Water Softener Sodium (Na+) changes
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KCl vs. NaCl The potassium (K) atom
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iii. Filtration Suspended Solids Fi
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Slime Buildup on RO Membrane Foulin
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3) Feed Water: DA Tank DeAerator i.
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Page 3 Overflow Valve controller, H
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4) Boiler Water i. Caustic Embrittl
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iii. Residual Oxygen Pitting Contro
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v. Sludge and Settlement Control: B
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vi. Water Column Blowdown Normal co
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Most common amines pH controlling a
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LDI - Liquid Droplet Impingement ii
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7) Chemical Feed Pumps Peristaltic
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G) System Documentation / Plant Per
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2) Flow Meters i. Differential Pres
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ii. Ultrasonic 2. Ultrasonic Dopple
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3) Energy Measurement Energy: measu
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Acid Rain Acid Rain Nitric Acid Sul
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SO₂ Control Sulfur Dioxide Contro
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Stoichiometric flame → Flame exti
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Premix Low NO x Burners By mixing t
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Flue Gas Recirculation, recycles a
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SCR Ammonia Free 3 Way Catalytic Co
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SCR Ammonia Injection Grid = AIG Th
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3 Way Dual Bed 3 Way Single Bed Pla
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(Particulate Matter) Control Electr
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, Bag House (Particulate Matter) Co
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New Technology New Technology Emiss
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CO₂ (Green House Gasses) Greenhou
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2) Generator System Components Turb
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I) Routine Equipment Maintenance 1)
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3) Small Boiler Layup/Seasonal Down
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2) Refractory Fire box lining (bric
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K) Safety Systems 1) Emergency Stop
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5) Hartford Loop The Hartford Loop
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. Fuel Line Limit Controllers Any o
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Using positive pressure air flow fr
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Boiler Gas Train PRVs Strainers Iso
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Pilot Line: NG pilot line extractio
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Atomizing Air/Steam for Fuel Oil At
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K = Potassium, Ag = Silver, Cs = Ce
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Flame Rod Flame Rod = Ionization Se
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Magnetic Float = gauge glass tubula
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L) Facilitating and monitoring rece
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M) Efficiency 1) LEED Program In th
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Hole Size 20 psi 25 psi 100 psi 200
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The difference in Oxygen concentrat
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Increase Effects (symptoms) 3) Effe
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Combustion Air Pre-Heaters 5) Combu
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6) Blowdown Heat Recovery i. Surfac
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Usable low psi steam 7) Flash Steam
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3) Periodic Table P a g e 257
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5) Boiler Device Nomenclature AFOSV
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Bypass Feeder .....................
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Hydrogen ..........................
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Reverse Osmosis ...................
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Comprehesive Boiler Manual Jan 2019

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