Comprehesive Boiler Manual Jan 2019

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Sulfur Dioxide Control (continued) Wet Lime Spray Dryer (LSD) Scrubber SO2 + Ca(OH)2 (hydrated limestone slurry sorbent sprayed into flue gas) → CaSO3 + H2O (Gypsum) CaSO 3 + H 2O = Gypsum, main ingredient of drywall. Can be a sellable byproduct. P a g e 192
Stoichiometric flame → Flame extinction → NOx, HC and CO Control NO x NO forms alongside CO 2 in any flame during combustion In high temperature environments, N 2 and O 2 become less stable, NO formation becomes more frequent. NO then forms to more stable NO 2 NOx formation grows exponentially as flame temperature increases 1) Reduce NOx by reducing peak flame temperature Naturally occurring NO x in any flame Elevated flame temperature, along with more available O 2, NO x emissions reaches maximum concentration around 6% excess O 2 (around 35% Excess Air) Lowest flame NO x at stoichiometric flame and at flame extinction More air, cooler flame (Less NOx) → Near flame extinction (too much air / not enough fuel) 2) Reduce NO x by controlling excess O 2 P a g e 193
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www.b-ct.net BOILERS Comprehensive
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iii. Air Compressor ...............
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ii. Composition ...................
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. Fuel Line Limit Controllers .....
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2) Fire Tube i. Multi-Pass Multi-Pa
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ICB: InterCooled Back boiler P a g
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iv. Stays Stays are often installed
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Flex Tube Bryan ® Flex Tube Closed
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Circular Coil Circular Coil Boiler
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O, D, A Type “O” Type “A” T
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iii. Downcomer spelling! Mud drum D
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v. Steam Scrubber: Baffles/Dry Pipe
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4) Water Cum Smoke Tube (Water and
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6) Closed Loop Boilers (Hot Water C
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Water Expansion Control Water Expan
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PEX tubing Closed Loop Continued PE
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Measurement Refractometer: Chemical
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Condensing Boiler Condensing Boiler
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7) Co-Generation a. Electricity Tes
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c. Steam Turbine Rotors (rotating)
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e. Non-Condensing Turbines Non-Cond
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A) Boiler Start Up, Operation and S
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i. Heat Pump Around 37°F many heat
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iii. Air Compressor Atomizing and C
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Temperature @ 0 psig = 1 Atm = sea
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Saturation Curve Saturation Curve S
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Extreme Precipitation A combination
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Water to Ice Expansion to Ice Expan
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i. Sublimation/Deposition Home Unit
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iii. Boiling/Condensing Vapor Cone:
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5) Steam Table Gauge Pressure Inche
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˚F → Water Rankine Cycle: Steam
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Digital psi sensor Aux. operations
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Water level indicator using Differe
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(Hydraulic Fracturing) Downward tre
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iii. Solid Fuels / BioMass Wood Sol
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Solid Fuels: Garbage Municipal Wast
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iv. Electricity Very small wall mou
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i. Combustion Air Atmospheric Draft
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ii. Spark Ignition Transformer Spar
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Premix Flame Diffusion Flame: no Ox
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Swirler and Nozzle The diffuser, or
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Burners Premix Burner Premix Mesh B
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ii. Oil Oil Burners Light Oil Steam
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Dual iii. Duel Fuel: NG & and Oil L
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Grate Bed Bed Step Grate Chain Grat
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Circulating CFB = Circulating Fluid
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Sonic Blast Soot Blower Uses compre
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i. Thermodynamic Thermodisc When co
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Mechanical continued Inverted Bucke
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Mechanical continued Float & Thermo
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Thermostatic continued Spring Expan
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v. Automatic Pump Trap (APT) = Cond
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PRV Let Down Station P a g e 107
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Desuperheater 2) Keeping steam temp
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High Capacity Instantaneous Steam F
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Motorized solenoid incoming steam c
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ii. Plate and Frame Plate and Frame
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iv. Steam Radiators Adjustable Ther
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vi. Autoclaves High temperature and
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4) Pumps i. Reciprocating Reciproca
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iii. Centrifugal Series vs Parallel
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v. Motor Vibration Monitoring All r
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5) Valves i. Types Ball Gate Butter
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iii. Actuators Actuators remotely o
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A Solenoid: Electricity creates a t
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Cavitation: Sudden implosion of low
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ii. Condensate Vacuum Pump During m
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Variable Frequency Drive ii. VFD: A
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D) Piping Systems 1) Pipes i. Manuf
Page 141 and 142: ii. Composition Carbon Steel Black
Page 143 and 144: iv. Poiseuille’s Law Poiseuille
Page 145 and 146: Inline Steam Separators iii. Inline
Page 147 and 148: E) Water Quality 1) Water Chemistry
Page 149 and 150: pH Probe Acids have more positive i
Page 151 and 152: Conductivity vs. TDS Total dissolve
Page 153 and 154: 2) Make Up Water Up Water The term
Page 155 and 156: Water Softener Sodium (Na+) changes
Page 157 and 158: KCl vs. NaCl The potassium (K) atom
Page 159 and 160: iii. Filtration Suspended Solids Fi
Page 161 and 162: Slime Buildup on RO Membrane Foulin
Page 163 and 164: 3) Feed Water: DA Tank DeAerator i.
Page 165 and 166: Page 3 Overflow Valve controller, H
Page 167 and 168: 4) Boiler Water i. Caustic Embrittl
Page 169 and 170: iii. Residual Oxygen Pitting Contro
Page 171 and 172: v. Sludge and Settlement Control: B
Page 173 and 174: vi. Water Column Blowdown Normal co
Page 175 and 176: Most common amines pH controlling a
Page 177 and 178: LDI - Liquid Droplet Impingement ii
Page 179 and 180: 7) Chemical Feed Pumps Peristaltic
Page 181 and 182: G) System Documentation / Plant Per
Page 183 and 184: 2) Flow Meters i. Differential Pres
Page 185 and 186: ii. Ultrasonic 2. Ultrasonic Dopple
Page 187 and 188: 3) Energy Measurement Energy: measu
Page 189 and 190: Acid Rain Acid Rain Nitric Acid Sul
Page 191: SO₂ Control Sulfur Dioxide Contro
Page 195 and 196: Premix Low NO x Burners By mixing t
Page 197 and 198: Flue Gas Recirculation, recycles a
Page 199 and 200: SCR Ammonia Free 3 Way Catalytic Co
Page 201 and 202: SCR Ammonia Injection Grid = AIG Th
Page 203 and 204: 3 Way Dual Bed 3 Way Single Bed Pla
Page 205 and 206: (Particulate Matter) Control Electr
Page 207 and 208: , Bag House (Particulate Matter) Co
Page 209 and 210: New Technology New Technology Emiss
Page 211 and 212: CO₂ (Green House Gasses) Greenhou
Page 213 and 214: 2) Generator System Components Turb
Page 215 and 216: I) Routine Equipment Maintenance 1)
Page 217 and 218: 3) Small Boiler Layup/Seasonal Down
Page 219 and 220: 2) Refractory Fire box lining (bric
Page 221 and 222: K) Safety Systems 1) Emergency Stop
Page 223 and 224: 5) Hartford Loop The Hartford Loop
Page 225 and 226: . Fuel Line Limit Controllers Any o
Page 227 and 228: Using positive pressure air flow fr
Page 229 and 230: Boiler Gas Train PRVs Strainers Iso
Page 231 and 232: Pilot Line: NG pilot line extractio
Page 233 and 234: Atomizing Air/Steam for Fuel Oil At
Page 235 and 236: K = Potassium, Ag = Silver, Cs = Ce
Page 237 and 238: Flame Rod Flame Rod = Ionization Se
Page 239 and 240: Magnetic Float = gauge glass tubula
Page 241 and 242: L) Facilitating and monitoring rece
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M) Efficiency 1) LEED Program In th
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Hole Size 20 psi 25 psi 100 psi 200
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The difference in Oxygen concentrat
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Increase Effects (symptoms) 3) Effe
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Combustion Air Pre-Heaters 5) Combu
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6) Blowdown Heat Recovery i. Surfac
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Usable low psi steam 7) Flash Steam
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3) Periodic Table P a g e 257
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5) Boiler Device Nomenclature AFOSV
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Bypass Feeder .....................
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Hydrogen ..........................
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Reverse Osmosis ...................
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Comprehesive Boiler Manual Jan 2019

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