Comprehesive Boiler Manual Jan 2019

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Pre-Combustion Control Staged Combustion Staged Combustion Staged Air Burner: Insufficient air for full combustion in primary zone limits flame temperature. Peak flame temperature is reduced. Staged Air Burner: Secondary (and sometimes tertiary) air is introduced later where lower temperature complete combustion takes place. Lean Zone burning enables Carbon to “take back” some of the Oxygen from the NO molecules, further reducing NO x. 4NO + CH 4 → 2H 2O + 2N 2 + CO 2 Lean Zone Burning Some burners inject steam or even water at the quench zone to help cool the flame. Over fire air completes combustion at a lower temperature. The fuel itself, if introduced in stages, can also reduce flame temperature. P a g e 194
Premix Low NO x Burners By mixing the exact proportion of air and fuel ahead of the flame, premix ultra-low NO x burners focus on minimum excess air to help control emissions. Nitrogen absorbent material is injected into the flame along with the fuel and acts as a catalyst to help prevent NO x formation. P a g e 195
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www.b-ct.net BOILERS Comprehensive
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iii. Air Compressor ...............
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ii. Composition ...................
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. Fuel Line Limit Controllers .....
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2) Fire Tube i. Multi-Pass Multi-Pa
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ICB: InterCooled Back boiler P a g
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iv. Stays Stays are often installed
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Flex Tube Bryan ® Flex Tube Closed
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Circular Coil Circular Coil Boiler
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O, D, A Type “O” Type “A” T
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iii. Downcomer spelling! Mud drum D
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v. Steam Scrubber: Baffles/Dry Pipe
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4) Water Cum Smoke Tube (Water and
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6) Closed Loop Boilers (Hot Water C
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Water Expansion Control Water Expan
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PEX tubing Closed Loop Continued PE
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Measurement Refractometer: Chemical
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Condensing Boiler Condensing Boiler
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7) Co-Generation a. Electricity Tes
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c. Steam Turbine Rotors (rotating)
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e. Non-Condensing Turbines Non-Cond
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A) Boiler Start Up, Operation and S
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i. Heat Pump Around 37°F many heat
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iii. Air Compressor Atomizing and C
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Temperature @ 0 psig = 1 Atm = sea
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Saturation Curve Saturation Curve S
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Extreme Precipitation A combination
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Water to Ice Expansion to Ice Expan
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i. Sublimation/Deposition Home Unit
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iii. Boiling/Condensing Vapor Cone:
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5) Steam Table Gauge Pressure Inche
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˚F → Water Rankine Cycle: Steam
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Digital psi sensor Aux. operations
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Water level indicator using Differe
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(Hydraulic Fracturing) Downward tre
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iii. Solid Fuels / BioMass Wood Sol
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Solid Fuels: Garbage Municipal Wast
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iv. Electricity Very small wall mou
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i. Combustion Air Atmospheric Draft
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ii. Spark Ignition Transformer Spar
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Premix Flame Diffusion Flame: no Ox
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Swirler and Nozzle The diffuser, or
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Burners Premix Burner Premix Mesh B
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ii. Oil Oil Burners Light Oil Steam
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Dual iii. Duel Fuel: NG & and Oil L
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Grate Bed Bed Step Grate Chain Grat
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Circulating CFB = Circulating Fluid
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Sonic Blast Soot Blower Uses compre
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i. Thermodynamic Thermodisc When co
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Mechanical continued Inverted Bucke
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Mechanical continued Float & Thermo
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Thermostatic continued Spring Expan
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v. Automatic Pump Trap (APT) = Cond
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PRV Let Down Station P a g e 107
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Desuperheater 2) Keeping steam temp
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High Capacity Instantaneous Steam F
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Motorized solenoid incoming steam c
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ii. Plate and Frame Plate and Frame
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iv. Steam Radiators Adjustable Ther
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vi. Autoclaves High temperature and
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4) Pumps i. Reciprocating Reciproca
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iii. Centrifugal Series vs Parallel
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v. Motor Vibration Monitoring All r
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5) Valves i. Types Ball Gate Butter
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iii. Actuators Actuators remotely o
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A Solenoid: Electricity creates a t
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Cavitation: Sudden implosion of low
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ii. Condensate Vacuum Pump During m
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Variable Frequency Drive ii. VFD: A
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D) Piping Systems 1) Pipes i. Manuf
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ii. Composition Carbon Steel Black
Page 143 and 144: iv. Poiseuille’s Law Poiseuille
Page 145 and 146: Inline Steam Separators iii. Inline
Page 147 and 148: E) Water Quality 1) Water Chemistry
Page 149 and 150: pH Probe Acids have more positive i
Page 151 and 152: Conductivity vs. TDS Total dissolve
Page 153 and 154: 2) Make Up Water Up Water The term
Page 155 and 156: Water Softener Sodium (Na+) changes
Page 157 and 158: KCl vs. NaCl The potassium (K) atom
Page 159 and 160: iii. Filtration Suspended Solids Fi
Page 161 and 162: Slime Buildup on RO Membrane Foulin
Page 163 and 164: 3) Feed Water: DA Tank DeAerator i.
Page 165 and 166: Page 3 Overflow Valve controller, H
Page 167 and 168: 4) Boiler Water i. Caustic Embrittl
Page 169 and 170: iii. Residual Oxygen Pitting Contro
Page 171 and 172: v. Sludge and Settlement Control: B
Page 173 and 174: vi. Water Column Blowdown Normal co
Page 175 and 176: Most common amines pH controlling a
Page 177 and 178: LDI - Liquid Droplet Impingement ii
Page 179 and 180: 7) Chemical Feed Pumps Peristaltic
Page 181 and 182: G) System Documentation / Plant Per
Page 183 and 184: 2) Flow Meters i. Differential Pres
Page 185 and 186: ii. Ultrasonic 2. Ultrasonic Dopple
Page 187 and 188: 3) Energy Measurement Energy: measu
Page 189 and 190: Acid Rain Acid Rain Nitric Acid Sul
Page 191 and 192: SO₂ Control Sulfur Dioxide Contro
Page 193: Stoichiometric flame → Flame exti
Page 197 and 198: Flue Gas Recirculation, recycles a
Page 199 and 200: SCR Ammonia Free 3 Way Catalytic Co
Page 201 and 202: SCR Ammonia Injection Grid = AIG Th
Page 203 and 204: 3 Way Dual Bed 3 Way Single Bed Pla
Page 205 and 206: (Particulate Matter) Control Electr
Page 207 and 208: , Bag House (Particulate Matter) Co
Page 209 and 210: New Technology New Technology Emiss
Page 211 and 212: CO₂ (Green House Gasses) Greenhou
Page 213 and 214: 2) Generator System Components Turb
Page 215 and 216: I) Routine Equipment Maintenance 1)
Page 217 and 218: 3) Small Boiler Layup/Seasonal Down
Page 219 and 220: 2) Refractory Fire box lining (bric
Page 221 and 222: K) Safety Systems 1) Emergency Stop
Page 223 and 224: 5) Hartford Loop The Hartford Loop
Page 225 and 226: . Fuel Line Limit Controllers Any o
Page 227 and 228: Using positive pressure air flow fr
Page 229 and 230: Boiler Gas Train PRVs Strainers Iso
Page 231 and 232: Pilot Line: NG pilot line extractio
Page 233 and 234: Atomizing Air/Steam for Fuel Oil At
Page 235 and 236: K = Potassium, Ag = Silver, Cs = Ce
Page 237 and 238: Flame Rod Flame Rod = Ionization Se
Page 239 and 240: Magnetic Float = gauge glass tubula
Page 241 and 242: L) Facilitating and monitoring rece
Page 243 and 244: M) Efficiency 1) LEED Program In th
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Hole Size 20 psi 25 psi 100 psi 200
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The difference in Oxygen concentrat
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Increase Effects (symptoms) 3) Effe
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Combustion Air Pre-Heaters 5) Combu
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6) Blowdown Heat Recovery i. Surfac
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Usable low psi steam 7) Flash Steam
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3) Periodic Table P a g e 257
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5) Boiler Device Nomenclature AFOSV
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Bypass Feeder .....................
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Hydrogen ..........................
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Reverse Osmosis ...................
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Comprehesive Boiler Manual Jan 2019

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