Anemia of Prematurity - Portal Neonatal

Intrathoracic tumors or masses
Table 5. Tumor or Mass Causes
o Pericardial teratoma
o Rhabdomyoma
o Mediastinal teratoma
o Cervical vascular hamartoma
o Pulmonary fibrosarcoma
o Leiomyosarcoma
o Pulmonary mesenchymal malformation
o Lymphangiectasia
o Bronchopulmonary sequestration
o Cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung
o Upper airway atresia or obstruction (laryngeal or tracheal)
o Diaphragmatic hernia
Abdominal tumors or masses
o Metabolic nephroma
o Polycystic kidneys
o Neuroblastoma
o Hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma
o Hepatoblastoma
o Ovarian cysts
Other conditions
o Placental choriocarcinoma
o Placental chorangioma
o Cystic hygroma
o Intussusception
o Meconium peritonitis
o Intracranial teratoma
o Sacrococcygeal teratoma
• Venous return is directly impaired by such conditions as pericardial teratomas and cardiac
rhabdomyosarcomas. Upper airway (laryngeal, tracheal) atresia or obstruction leads to
massive pulmonary overdistention and, thus, to impaired cardiac filling. Cystic hygromas
(see Table 5) are mentioned again since they comprise an important and common example
of mass compression with obstruction of venous-lymphatic return. Meconium peritonitis is
noted in Table 5 and in Table 3. This redundancy is excused by the fact that some
observers have postulated an association with hydrops on the basis of mass effects on
venous return; as noted earlier, the association is almost certainly one with fetal infection
and consequent red cell aplasia.
o Some of these conditions may lead to fetal hydrops not because of mass
compression effects but because their intense vascularization may lead to
arteriovenous shunting and/or to massive fetal hemorrhage. Such consequences
are especially common with sacrococcygeal teratomas and with placental
chorioangiomas. In both instances, fetal high-output cardiac failure ultimately may
lead to fetal hydrops and/or death. Sacrococcygeal teratoma is associated with
hydrops in one fifth to one third of cases in several case series; fetal coagulopathy,