Anemia of Prematurity - Portal Neonatal

Drug Name
Pediatric Dose
Contraindications None known
Interactions None reported
Calfactant (Infasurf) -- Natural calf lung extract containing phospholipids,
fatty acids, and surfactant-associated proteins B (260 mcg/mL) and C
(390 mcg/mL).
3 mL/kg intratracheally; may repeat q6-12h; not to exceed 3-4 doses;
may consider decreasing because of pulmonary hypoplasia
Pregnancy C - Safety for use during pregnancy has not been established.
Precautions
For intratracheal administration only; should only be administered under
carefully supervised conditions with constant monitoring of vital signs
and SaO2 by pulse oximetry; if infant is compromised, SaO2 decreases,
or both, administration is discontinued and the infant is adequately
ventilated and oxygenated
Drug Category: Vasoactive agents -- Judicious use of vasoactive agents may increase cardiac
output without affecting systemic or pulmonary vascular resistance.
Drug Name
Dopamine (Intropin) -- Dopamine increases blood pressure primarily by
stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors; however, its mechanism of
action in newborn infants remains controversial because of
developmental differences in endogenous norepinephrine stores and
expression and function of alpha-adrenergic receptors. Dosage must be
individualized.
Pediatric Dose 2-20 mcg/kg/min IV continuous infusion
Contraindications Documented hypersensitivity; pheochromocytoma; ventricular fibrillation
Interactions
Phenytoin, alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockers, general anesthesia, and
MAOIs increase and prolong effects of dopamine
Pregnancy C - Safety for use during pregnancy has not been established.
Precautions
Drug Name
Doses >10 mcg/kg/min may cause pulmonary vasoconstriction; correct
hypovolemia prior to infusion; vasoconstriction occurs with IV infiltration,
causing severe local tissue ischemia and sloughing, best administered
via a central venous catheter
Dobutamine (Dobutrex) -- Increases blood pressure primarily via
stimulation of beta1-adrenergic receptors. It appears to have a more
prominent effect on cardiac output than on blood pressure.
Pediatric Dose 2-25 mcg/kg/min IV continuous infusion
Contraindications
Interactions
Documented hypersensitivity; idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis;
atrial fibrillation or flutter
Beta-adrenergic blockers antagonize effects of dobutamine; general
anesthetics may increase toxicity
Pregnancy B - Usually safe but benefits must outweigh the risks.
Precautions Hypovolemic state should be corrected before infusion