Anemia of Prematurity - Portal Neonatal

Pregnancy B - Usually safe but benefits must outweigh the risks.
Precautions
Drug Name
Pediatric Dose
Renal disease, dehydration, underlying neurologic disease, patients
with hypoxia and hepatic or electrolyte abnormalities
Zidovudine (Retrovir) -- A thymidine analog that inhibits viral replication.
Used to treat patients with HIV.
3 months to 12 years: 90-180 mg/m 2 /dose PO q6h; not to exceed 200
mg q6h
0.5-1.8 mg/kg/h continuous IV or 100 mg/m 2 /dose intermittent IV q6h
Contraindications Documented hypersensitivity
Interactions
Acyclovir, ganciclovir, or coadministration with drugs that inhibit
glucuronidation (eg, acetaminophen, cimetidine, indomethacin) may
increase toxicity
Pregnancy C - Safety for use during pregnancy has not been established.
Precautions
Bone marrow compromise or impaired renal function; rare severe lactic
acidosis and hepatomegaly with steatosis, including fatal cases,
reported
Drug Category: Antifungals -- Fungal infections can masquerade as bacterial infections and/or may
appear at the end of prolonged antibacterial therapy. Their mechanism of action may involve an
alteration of RNA and DNA metabolism or an intracellular accumulation of peroxide that is toxic to the
fungal cell.
Fluconazole (Diflucan) -- Used to treat susceptible fungal infections,
including oropharyngeal, esophageal, and vaginal candidiasis. Also
used for systemic candidal infections and cryptococcal meningitis.
Drug Name Fungistatic activity. Synthetic oral antifungal (broad-spectrum
bistriazole) that selectively inhibits fungal CYP450 and sterol C-14
alpha-demethylation, which prevents conversion of lanosterol to
ergosterol, thereby disrupting cellular membranes.
0-14 days: Oropharyngeal candidiasis: 6 mg/kg PO/IV initial dose; after
3 d, 3 mg/kg q3d for a total of 14 d
Esophageal candidiasis: 6 mg/kg PO/IV initial dose, followed by 6-12
mg/kg q3d for 21 d
Systemic candidiasis: 6-12 mg/kg/dose PO/IV q3d for 28 d
Pediatric Dose
Administer the same doses in older infants as in younger infants;
however, the dose is daily
For acute cryptococcal meningitis, initial dose is increased to 12 mg/kg,
and 6-12 mg/kg/dose is administered for 10-12 wk after the CSF
cultures become negative
Contraindications Documented hypersensitivity
CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 inhibitor; levels may increase with
hydrochlorothiazide; long-term coadministration of rifampin may
decrease levels; may decrease phenytoin clearance; may increase
Interactions
concentrations of theophylline, tolbutamide, glyburide, and glipizide;
may increase effects of anticoagulants; may increase cyclosporine
concentrations
Pregnancy C - Safety for use during pregnancy has not been established.
Perform periodic liver function and renal function tests; dosage
Precautions
modification required in patients with impaired renal function
Drug Name
Amphotericin B (Amphocin, Fungizone) -- Used to treat severe systemic
infections and meningitis caused by susceptible fungi, such as Candida
and Aspergillus species, Histoplasma capsulatum, and Cryptococcus