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14At the same time, annual waste generation is expected to increase70% by 2050. 3 These predictions are scary, especially because weknow that it already requires natural resources from the equivalentof about 1.75 Earths to sustain our current population. If we maintainour present patterns, we will need three Earths by the year 2050.Amount of natural resources used worldwide1 Earth19701.75 EarthsToday3 Earths20503 Kaza, S. et al., What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid WasteManagement to 2050, World Bank Group, Urban Development Series,Washington D.C., 2018, http://hdl.handle.net/10986/30317.
15Keeping on this path would come at a tremendous cost to thenatural environment, ultimately leading to social and economicdownturns. As growing numbers of people live in cities, problemswould be particularly likely to accumulate here. Cities are hotspotsof material consumption, waste generation and pollution. In 1950,30% of the world’s population was urban; in 2018, 55% was; theUN expects the figure to reach 68% by 2050.Although these messages are hardly uplifting, doomsday thinkingwill not help us. It is our responsibility to do everything we can tosafeguard liveability on planet Earth now and in the future. One ofour biggest challenges is to do that in a manner that benefits thewellbeing of all people, the environment and the economy. Oftensharing their scepticism, people ask me: are you optimistic thatwe can change course in time? To be honest, I am, if we manageto put our shoulders to the wheel.Since the 1970s, I have been actively engaged in combatting thestaggering environmental problems that humanity faces. I havecontributed to the cause in various capacities through my work inthe environmental movement, academia, industries, and between2007 and 2010, serving as the Netherlands’ Minister of Housing,Spatial Planning and the Environment. I have since also becomea change-maker, working on implementing the circular economyin different industries and regions. My optimism draws from myexperiences in each of these roles. I have met thousands of peoplewho are aware of environmental threats. These individuals want toadapt and actually help their neighbourhood, company, region and/or country too. Society’s collective environmental consciousnessis rising rapidly, which has led to an unprecedentedly strong callfor action. It is not just a small number of environmentalists likeme anymore; a broad movement within civil society, industry andthe research world is actively engaging in shaping an eco-friendlyfuture. Furthermore, we have developed so much knowledge andexpertise during the last 50 years that we have sufficient technicalmeans to solve the problems.
Page 1: How NetworkGovernance Powersthe Cir
Page 4: 2020 Jacqueline CramerVormgeving Co
Page 8 and 9: 8for the international exchange of
Page 10 and 11: 10Contents1. INTRODUCTIONPart 1Circ
Page 12 and 13: 12
Page 16 and 17: 16My firm belief is that the circul
Page 18 and 19: 18ContentsThis book consists of thr
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Page 24 and 25: Technical nutrientsBiological nutri
Page 26 and 27: 26Linear Economybiological cycle is
Page 28 and 29: 28Transforming linear into circular
Page 30 and 31: 302.3 Opportunities for and Barrier
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Page 34 and 35: 34aims to stimulate the transition
Page 36 and 37: 36Key priorities of the EU Circular
Page 38 and 39: 38In the 21th century both the wast
Page 40 and 41: 403.3 Current National Circular Eco
Page 42 and 43: 42A circular economy in theNetherla
Page 44 and 45: 44Companies and their branch organi
Page 46 and 47: 46PBL wants to introduce its first
Page 48 and 49: 48challenging for most local govern
Page 50 and 51: 50Six Dutch regional circular initi
Page 52 and 53: 52help accelerate the transition. B
Page 54 and 55: 54accommodates Dutch culture. The N
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Page 60 and 61: 60circular projects. What seemed vi
Page 62 and 63: 62The lab kicked off a nationwide c
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64before the deadline, the Netherla
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664.2 ConcreteThe concrete case is
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68were circular design and reusing
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70Execution of the Concrete Agreeme
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72members. This process is still on
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74The Dutch construction value mode
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76immediately implementable can be
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78clothing, an annual 500,000 tons
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80In 2019, the Agreement entered in
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82Defence working clothes have been
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84and innovative businesses; fashio
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86adoption of PCR is hindered by it
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88into the water when washing cloth
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90
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92The Amsterdam Metropolitan Area i
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94This programme is well tuned to t
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96is to prepare and build new conso
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98Levels of circularity: 10 R'sOrde
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100biomass; construction and demoli
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102as the circular economy. We used
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104Still, 22 circular business init
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106platform for circular building a
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108consultation organised by the Bo
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110To move away from low-value recy
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112district, and financed by Dutch
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114Fifteen educational institutes s
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116now aims to scale up the success
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118
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120
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122Succesful implementationGuiding
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124I have learned that at least som
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126producing as much as possible wi
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128Model to implement circular econ
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130Model to implement circular econ
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132Tasks to be performed in circula
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134continuously adapt, learn and re
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136Context is keyWhen one aims to m
Page 138 and 139:
138Levels of circularity: 10 R'sOrd
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140most promising short-term option
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142Guiding principle 6Map the key d
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144Key drivers and preconditions fo
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146Guiding principle 7Identify the
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148accordance with the Concrete Agr
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150table. The commonly shared solut
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152Guiding principle 9Transition br
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154Competencies of transition broke
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156and, in the public greenery case
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158change is possible. As this ofte
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160This process of clearly defining
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162
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164problems: resource scarcity and
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166tailor-made, several characteris
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168involved. Preferably, the transi
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170circular economy policy goals fo
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172AcknowledgementsThis book could
Page 174 and 175:
174Jacqueline Cramer
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PhotographyDick Boetekees (p. 61, 8
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