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74The Dutch construction value modelbased on the ladder of circularityDesign focusMaterial focusR4: ReuseTechnicaldesignlifetimeextensionSustainablechoice ofmaterialsValue addingValue creationdevelopment phaseFunctionaldesignlifetimeextensionUsageSystem functionProjectobjectscomponentsproductsReuseValue reductionHigh-qualityrecyclingEnergywasteland ll(raw)materialsR1: RefuseR5: RepairR3: RethinkR6: RefurbishR7: RemanufactureR8: RepurposeInspectionmaintenancelifetimeextensionR9: RecycleR10: RecoverValue retentionreuse phaseValue destructionPreventing loss of valueusage phaseR2: Reduce
75To get this done, we organised follow-up meetings, notably withrepresentatives of the CO 2and circular design teams. To specifypossible additional improvements that could be realised higher onthe circularity ladder, I asked two experts with outsider perspectiveand longstanding experience in concrete innovations to provide anoverview. They presented a broad spectrum of additional optionswhich were first discussed in a small focus group. This groupconcluded that these options were valuable, but could only berealised if the commissioning parties would take the lead togetherwith the builders. Their procurement process would have to beadapted and include options higher on the ladder.As the CO 2execution team mainly consisted of material experts,the first draft of their roadmap primarily presented innovationsin material composition, use and recycling. They argued thatimplementation of the additional options was outside their locusof control and they therefore could not guarantee successfuloutcomes of those. Broadening the scope, however, wouldmean that the CO 2reduction potential could be increased fromapproximately 10 to 20% up to at least 50 to 60%. Finally, afterseveral discussions, those options were integrated in the CO 2roadmap. Some would cost more, others less or the same. Shouldthese additional options fall short, a list of back-ups is available.Working on these additional options also had major impact on theother execution teams, and they have since also incorporated theminto their roadmaps. To realise additional options, the steeringgroup is responsible for approaching the commissioning partiesand builders and convincing them to take action.For all these initiatives, the seven executions teams, the team ofcommissioning parties and the government are all expected tofinish their ‘homework’ before 1 January 2022, when phase 2 starts.Some work still has to be undertaken, but it is clear what should bedone. The roadmaps of all execution teams are specified in moredetail and include innovations that lead to the formulated goals.The innovations are divided into three categories. Those
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How NetworkGovernance Powersthe Cir
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2020 Jacqueline CramerVormgeving Co
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8for the international exchange of
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10Contents1. INTRODUCTIONPart 1Circ
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14At the same time, annual waste ge
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16My firm belief is that the circul
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18ContentsThis book consists of thr
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Page 24 and 25: Technical nutrientsBiological nutri
Page 26 and 27: 26Linear Economybiological cycle is
Page 28 and 29: 28Transforming linear into circular
Page 30 and 31: 302.3 Opportunities for and Barrier
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Page 34 and 35: 34aims to stimulate the transition
Page 36 and 37: 36Key priorities of the EU Circular
Page 38 and 39: 38In the 21th century both the wast
Page 40 and 41: 403.3 Current National Circular Eco
Page 42 and 43: 42A circular economy in theNetherla
Page 44 and 45: 44Companies and their branch organi
Page 46 and 47: 46PBL wants to introduce its first
Page 48 and 49: 48challenging for most local govern
Page 50 and 51: 50Six Dutch regional circular initi
Page 52 and 53: 52help accelerate the transition. B
Page 54 and 55: 54accommodates Dutch culture. The N
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Page 60 and 61: 60circular projects. What seemed vi
Page 62 and 63: 62The lab kicked off a nationwide c
Page 64 and 65: 64before the deadline, the Netherla
Page 66 and 67: 664.2 ConcreteThe concrete case is
Page 68 and 69: 68were circular design and reusing
Page 70 and 71: 70Execution of the Concrete Agreeme
Page 72 and 73: 72members. This process is still on
Page 76 and 77: 76immediately implementable can be
Page 78 and 79: 78clothing, an annual 500,000 tons
Page 80 and 81: 80In 2019, the Agreement entered in
Page 82 and 83: 82Defence working clothes have been
Page 84 and 85: 84and innovative businesses; fashio
Page 86 and 87: 86adoption of PCR is hindered by it
Page 88 and 89: 88into the water when washing cloth
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Page 92 and 93: 92The Amsterdam Metropolitan Area i
Page 94 and 95: 94This programme is well tuned to t
Page 96 and 97: 96is to prepare and build new conso
Page 98 and 99: 98Levels of circularity: 10 R'sOrde
Page 100 and 101: 100biomass; construction and demoli
Page 102 and 103: 102as the circular economy. We used
Page 104 and 105: 104Still, 22 circular business init
Page 106 and 107: 106platform for circular building a
Page 108 and 109: 108consultation organised by the Bo
Page 110 and 111: 110To move away from low-value recy
Page 112 and 113: 112district, and financed by Dutch
Page 114 and 115: 114Fifteen educational institutes s
Page 116 and 117: 116now aims to scale up the success
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Page 122 and 123: 122Succesful implementationGuiding
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124I have learned that at least som
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126producing as much as possible wi
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128Model to implement circular econ
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130Model to implement circular econ
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132Tasks to be performed in circula
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134continuously adapt, learn and re
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136Context is keyWhen one aims to m
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138Levels of circularity: 10 R'sOrd
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140most promising short-term option
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142Guiding principle 6Map the key d
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144Key drivers and preconditions fo
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146Guiding principle 7Identify the
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148accordance with the Concrete Agr
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150table. The commonly shared solut
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152Guiding principle 9Transition br
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154Competencies of transition broke
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156and, in the public greenery case
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158change is possible. As this ofte
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160This process of clearly defining
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162
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164problems: resource scarcity and
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166tailor-made, several characteris
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168involved. Preferably, the transi
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170circular economy policy goals fo
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172AcknowledgementsThis book could
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174Jacqueline Cramer
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PhotographyDick Boetekees (p. 61, 8
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