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164problems: resource scarcity and overconsumption. To cope withthis, we need to change how products are produced and consumedin a fundamental way. Thus, we need to transition towards acircular economy.The national government is, as guardian of the common good, stillresponsible for environmental policies to which all stakeholdersshould conform. The government sets policy goals and formulatesthe appropriate instruments, such as regulatory, economic andsocial measures. This is what traditionally belongs to the realmof public governance. In a democratic country, such as theNetherlands, all kinds of stakeholders are consulted in drafting thepolicies, but Parliament ultimately decides. It is also possible toinstate citizen councils consisting of a representative but randomlyselected group. I was impressed by the results of a democraticexperiment in France in 2019, when 150 French members of thepopulation invited to a citizens’ convention on lowering carbonemissions came up with very innovative ideas.The problem arises when it comes to putting policy into practice.What has been agreed upon in Parliament may not be simplyexecutable in practice. As a minister, I also struggled with thisproblem, for example, in setting up the first governmental climatepolicy programme covering all major sectors of society. Although Ireally tried to cooperate closely with the parties that had to carryout the national policies, I experienced an undeniable distancebetween the practitioners and myself. It was hard to grasp whetherthe partners responsible for execution were sufficiently equippedto deliver the results needed. I could only monitor the progressmade.The same problems arise in the implementation of circular economypolicies. For example, the five circular transition agendasI described in chapter 3.3 are very useful strategies, developedwith representatives of the sectors involved. However, the mostchallenging step is implementing those strategies in practice,
165in product chains and at local levels. Complementing publicgovernance with network governance can bridge this gap. Itcan create an alliance between national policies and their actualimplementation.Relation between public governance and network governancePublicgovernanceNetworkgovernanceNetwork governance is about building a coalition of partners:people willing to contribute to transformational change and whoneed each other to realise this. In this book, I have shared myexperiences with how network governance can be operationalisedin product chains and at the local level. Although every case is
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How NetworkGovernance Powersthe Cir
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2020 Jacqueline CramerVormgeving Co
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8for the international exchange of
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10Contents1. INTRODUCTIONPart 1Circ
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14At the same time, annual waste ge
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16My firm belief is that the circul
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18ContentsThis book consists of thr
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Technical nutrientsBiological nutri
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26Linear Economybiological cycle is
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28Transforming linear into circular
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302.3 Opportunities for and Barrier
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34aims to stimulate the transition
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36Key priorities of the EU Circular
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38In the 21th century both the wast
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403.3 Current National Circular Eco
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42A circular economy in theNetherla
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44Companies and their branch organi
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46PBL wants to introduce its first
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48challenging for most local govern
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50Six Dutch regional circular initi
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52help accelerate the transition. B
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54accommodates Dutch culture. The N
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60circular projects. What seemed vi
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62The lab kicked off a nationwide c
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64before the deadline, the Netherla
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664.2 ConcreteThe concrete case is
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68were circular design and reusing
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70Execution of the Concrete Agreeme
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72members. This process is still on
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74The Dutch construction value mode
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76immediately implementable can be
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78clothing, an annual 500,000 tons
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80In 2019, the Agreement entered in
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82Defence working clothes have been
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84and innovative businesses; fashio
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86adoption of PCR is hindered by it
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88into the water when washing cloth
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90
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92The Amsterdam Metropolitan Area i
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94This programme is well tuned to t
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96is to prepare and build new conso
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98Levels of circularity: 10 R'sOrde
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100biomass; construction and demoli
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102as the circular economy. We used
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104Still, 22 circular business init
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106platform for circular building a
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108consultation organised by the Bo
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110To move away from low-value recy
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112district, and financed by Dutch
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Page 122 and 123: 122Succesful implementationGuiding
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Page 142 and 143: 142Guiding principle 6Map the key d
Page 144 and 145: 144Key drivers and preconditions fo
Page 146 and 147: 146Guiding principle 7Identify the
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Page 152 and 153: 152Guiding principle 9Transition br
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Page 172 and 173: 172AcknowledgementsThis book could
Page 174 and 175: 174Jacqueline Cramer
Page 176: PhotographyDick Boetekees (p. 61, 8
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