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Levels of circularity: 10 R's
Order of priority
High
Refuse: Prevent raw materials' use
Reduce: Decrease raw materials' use
Redesign: Reshape product with a view to circularity principles
Reuse: Use product again (as second hand)
Repair: Maintain and repair product
Refurbish: Revive product
Remanufacture: Make new from second hand product
Re-purpose: Reuse product but with other function
Recycle: Salvage material streams with highest possible value
Low
Recover: Incinerate waste with energy recovery
A further description of the ladder can be found in 2.2.
Two strategies we defined for the programme were:
1. Closing the loop of resource streams;
2. Renewing product chains via circular procurement.
The evolution of the programme and its results thus far are
discussed below.
5.3 Four Implementation Phases
The implementation process consists of four phases:
Phase 1: Preparing the circular economy programme (2015-2016);
Phase 2: Building circular initiatives (starting in autumn 2015);
Phase 3: Scaling up successful examples at regional or national
levels (starting in 2019);
Phase 4: Mainstreaming at national level (this stage has not yet
begun).