NEAFC 31st Annual Conference.pdf - New England Association of ...

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NEW ENGLAND ASSOCIATION OF FIRE CI-IIEFS WILBUR F. BLAKE Plumbing and Heating 24 Hour Emergency Service at Your Door with the SHOP ON WHEELS Satisfaction Guaranteed Dial 2-5968 9 FOREST ST. PORTLAND, MAINE STANLEY J. LEEN CO., ING. 35 UNION STREET Tel. 2-3719 PORTLAND, MAINE LEEN’S ELECTRIC MOTOR SERVICE 54 WILSON STREET Tel. Bangor 9416 BREWER, MAINE New Motors and Controls -- Used Motors and Controls Complete repair service on all makes of electric motors and control equipment HERBERT A. HARMON INC. General Insurance Dependable Insurance Since 1881 O. L. PERRY, President and Treasurer--M. F. PERRY, Vice-President EXCHANGE ST. PORTLAND, ME. Telephone 5-0391 PLUMMER’S INSURANCE AGENCY General Insurance Since 1890 480 CONGRESS STREET PORTLAND 3, MAINE Tel: 3-3838 40 EXCHANGE STREET 210 MIDDLE STREET TURNER, BARKER & C,O. Insurance HERMAN B. LIBBY--CHARLES D. BOYD Telephone 3-3896 NEAL DOW AGENCY ¯ General Insurance (Formerly F. H. & C. C. Plummer) Telephone. 3-1636 8~ PORTLAND, MAINE PORTLAND 3, MAINE
NEW ENGLAND ASSOCIATION OF FIRE CHIEFS THE FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS OF GASEOUS, FUELS Consulting Mechanical Engineer In the ~Nor-theastern States natural gas is only six years ol& Nevertheless, on the record already available, it seems indisputable that-it offers a potential threat to life and property of sufficient magnitude to warrant prominence on your list of local fire and explesion hazards. In .order to fully reali;ze the problems involved, it is necessary first to review, even if o~Ay sketchily, the rapid growth of the natural gas industry. Less than thirty years ago less than 4% of the total requirements of the United States were supplied by natural gas; and even this was distributed on a purely local basis. Within this period, production increased over seven fold until natural gas now supplies c.ver 20% of our now greatly augmented energy needs through a network of well over 200,000 miles of transmission lines. Only six years ago, the conversion of the "big inch" and "little inch" lines to natural gas marked the introduction of this fuel. into the Northeastern States; today the amount distributed northeast of Washington, D. C., by three companies ~alone, parallels the entire annual energy production of the anthracite industry. This expansion and construction is by r~o means over. In fact, the Petroleum Administration for Defense has just predicted that by 19~.y, over 94% of all gas distributed to the ultimate consumer will consis< either all or in part, of natural g~s. They further predict that almost 10 million tons of new pipe lines will be laid’in the: next three years, and that over 70% of this new pipe will be over 16" in diameter. A close connection is seen between this rapid, and at times almost .frantic, growth of the natural gas industry and a failure to institute higher standards of safety in con; struction and operation. A code designed in 1942 for gas transmission lines proved adequate for the mesquite prairie crossings constituting most of the pre-war construction; but it seems unfortunate that it was not more drastically changed when larger diameter pipe lines began to traverse valuable .sn.burban properties, closely knit farms, and even urban communities. As a result we find that transmission lines are being built in such areas with factors-of-safety that are only a fraction of those considered standard for other comparable pipes designed to carry high pressure fluids. Other precautions normally taken during orderly construction are often thrown to the winds in the haste to complete lines in a minimum of time and at the lowest possible cost. Dumping pipes from cars and trucks is a frequent example, despite the fully recognized hazard of even a deep scratch to vessels carrying a full pressure load. One company has twice admitted in court, in my presence, that their 16" pipe laid in the open for over a year without any protection from the weather before being used. Even when questionedl as to the bursting strength of the pipe being used, company engineers usually refer to general test codes instead of citing from specific tests on the pipe at hand. Even granting proper design and construction, there .are two separate and distinct hazards in connection with the operation of natural gas lines, the mechanical bursting of the pipe due to internal pressures in excess of its strength, and the ignition of explosive mixtures contained therein.
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