The Virtualization Cookbook for SLES 10 SP2 - z/VM - IBM

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14.1.1 Using the INDICATE command z/VM has some basic commands such as INDICATE. There are many INDICATE parameters that can be included as command line options. Use the command HELP INDICATE for a basic understanding and then press F11 for help on each parameter. INIDICATE LOAD If no parameter is specified INDICATE LOAD is the default option. There are two flavors of this, depending on whether the issuing user ID has privilege class G or class E. Class G users can use INDICATE to display recent contention for system resources, display environment characteristics and measurements of resources used by their virtual machine. The output from user ID with class E privilege (e.g. MAINT, OPERATOR) is shown here. The lines are number for clarity of the description that follows: ==> ind load 1 AVGPROC-038% 03 2 XSTORE-000021/SEC MIGRATE-0001/SEC 3 MDC READS-000068/SEC WRITES-000001/SEC HIT RATIO-099% 4 PAGING-0031/SEC STEAL-000% 5 Q0-00006(00000) DORMANT-00357 6 Q1-00001(00000) E1-00000(00000) 7 Q2-00001(00000) EXPAN-002 E2-00000(00000) 8 Q3-00034(00000) EXPAN-002 E3-00000(00000) 9 10 PROC 0000-038% PROC 0001-038% 11 PROC 0002-038% 12 13 LIMITED-00000 The INDICATE LOAD command gives a snapshot of current system performance. Except for the counts of virtual machines in various queues and the limited list, the values you see here are a smoothed average over the past 4 minutes. Areas where z/VM performance analysts tend to focus are the following: ► AVGPROC on line 1 gives the overall processor utilization, 38% in this example. The number following it is the number of on-line processors, 3 in this example. The individual processor utilization is shown on lines 10 and 11. Take a glance at these to see if they are somewhat balanced. There are cases where an imbalance is okay. This would include very low utilization scenarios or cases where there are not enough users ready to run virtual processors to keep the physical processors busy. One of the processors will be a Master, all of the others Alternate, and some imbalance may result from performing these functions. Line 2 describes paging to expanded storage. Most z/VM systems on z9 class machines can sustain several 1000s of this type of paging operations a second without any problems. z10 class machines will perform even better. The MIGRATE rate is the number of pages per second being moved from expanded storage out to paging space on DASD. A healthy system will have a MIGRATE rate significantly lower than the XSTORE rate, probably being measures in 100s rather than 1000s. The higher values seen tend to build up over time, and are sustained over periods of intense system activity, however, there are times the MIGRATE value may spike for brief periods of time. ► Minidisk cache (MDC) statistics are given on the third line. The effectiveness of MDC can be judged by the combination of the READS rate and the HIT RATIO. If both are high, then a large number of physical I/Os are avoided due to the MDC feature. For a system which has an appreciably high I/O rate, composed of reads plus writes, and a high proportion of reads, and a good hit ratio for those reads (tending to 90% or greater), the real, physical I/O avoidance can be very high, this author has seen the avoidance as high as 50% in some cases. Conversely, however, a high HIT RATIO with a low value for the READS rate 224 The Virtualization Cookbook for RHEL 6
should not be taken as good, (100% hit ratio, when doing only 1 I/O per second is effectively meaningless). ► Line 4 describes more storage (memory) management. The PAGING rate is important. Higher values will often impact performance. This can be at least partially offset by increasing the number of page volumes, but a more thorough examination of this problem is advisable whenever it arises.The STEAL percentage is often misleading. This is basically the percentage of pages taken from guests that z/VM believes are non-dormant. Since some guests have periodic timers going off, they appear to be active to z/VM even when relatively idle. Pages taken from these guests are still considered to be stolen. So there are scenarios where a system only has a user set comprising active guests, in which case all pages taken would be considered stolen. Bearing this in mind, if a high STEAL value is observed, the paging rate needs to be checked. If the paging rate is relatively low, then the STEAL value is not important. ► On lines 5 through 8 you also see a series of counters that represent the users in various queues. The z/VM scheduler classifies work into 3 different classes (1 through 3) and a special additional class labelled zero. So the Column of Qx values and Ex represent the virtual machines in the dispatch list and the eligible list. The most important value here to validate is that there are no virtual machines in the Eligible list: E1, E2, E3; this implies z/VM has stopped dispatching some virtual machines to avoid over committing resources. Such a system would require further investigation, possibly leading to some tuning work, or even hardware addition in extreme cases. Do not worry about the values in parenthesis. INDICATE QUEUES EXP Another useful command to understand the state of the system is the INDICATE QUEUES EXP. Following is an example: ==> ind q exp DATAMGT1 Q3 AP 00000537/00000537 .... -2.025 A02 BITNER Q1 R00 00000785/00000796 .I.. -1.782 A00 EDLLNX4 Q3 PS 00007635/00007635 .... -1.121 A00 TCPIP Q0 R01 00004016/00003336 .I.. -.9324 A01 APCTEST1 Q2 IO 00003556/00003512 .I.. -.7847 A01 EDLWRK20 Q3 AP 00001495/00001462 .... -.6996 A01 EDL Q3 IO 00000918/00000902 .... -.2409 A01 EDLWRK11 Q3 AP 00002323/00002299 .... -.0183 A00 EDLWRK18 Q3 IO 00001052/00000388 .... -.0047 A00 EDLWRK4 Q3 AP 00004792/00002295 .... .0055 A01 EDLWRK8 Q3 AP 00004804/00004797 .... .0089 A02 EDLWRK16 Q3 AP 00002378/00002378 .... .0170 A02 EDLWRK2 Q3 AP 00005544/00002956 .... .0360 A00 EDLWRK12 Q3 AP 00004963/00002348 .... .0677 A01 EDLWRK6 Q3 IO 00000750/00000302 .... .0969 A02 EDLWRK3 Q3 AP 00005098/00005096 .... .0999 A02 EDLWRK17 Q3 AP 00004786/00004766 .... .1061 A01 EDLWRK9 Q3 AP 00002372/00002334 .... .1107 A02 EDLWRK5 Q3 IO 00002376/00002376 .... .1205 A01 EDLWRK14 Q3 AP 00002426/00002323 .... .1238 A02 EDLLIB19 Q3 IO 00001226/00001100 .... .1309 A02 EDLWRK19 Q3 AP 00002322/00002298 .... .1705 A00 EDLWRK15 Q3 AP 00002839/00002781 .... .2205 A02 EDLWRK1 Q3 AP 00002969/00002935 .... .2491 A02 This is another class E command and displays the virtual processors associated with a given user ID (a single virtual machine may have multiple virtual processors) what queue (dispatch list, eligible list, limit list) they are in and what state they are in. This is a snapshot in time. Again you want to check this output to make sure there are no virtual machines in the eligible Chapter 14. Monitoring and tuning z/VM and Linux 225
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z/VM and Linux on IBM System z: The
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4.1.3 Copying a vanilla z/VM system
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8.2.4 Configuring the VNC server .
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14.4 Viewing Linux data in the Perf
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► Chapter 9, “Configuring RHEL
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Sue Baloga, Bill Bitner, Carol Ever
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z/VM 6.1 z/VM 6.1, available in Oct
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► Shared read-only Linux /usr/ fi
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6 The Virtualization Cookbook for R
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- DASD: 27 3390-3s or 9 3390-9s at
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2.2.2 Backup file naming convention
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One rule that can be recommended is
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2.6.2 z/VM DASD used in this book T
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2.7 Blank worksheets Blank copies o
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2.7.3 Linux resources worksheet Use
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Figure 3-1 PuTTY Configuration wind
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9. You may choose a larger screen s
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Click the Download and Use button.
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26 The Virtualization Cookbook for
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4.1 Installing z/VM from DVD or FTP
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Figure 4-2 Choosing two files to be
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► The LPAR that z/VM will be inst
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c. You should see the Disruptive Ta
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► You may need to clear the scree
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Figure 4-11 Load window ► When yo
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==> Press Enter at the VM READ prom
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Figure 4-14 IPWIZARD screen 2 ► A
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One default setting that can be dan
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Pay attention to the output. If you
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==> rename profile tcpip d poksnd61
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You should see that the VSWITCH VSW
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6285-6287 ATTACHED TO MAINT ► Use
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CP_Owned Slot 6 UP6285 CP_Owned Slo
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==> x user direct c ====> bottom ==
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4.7.2 Logging and customizing the n
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4.7.5 Copying files associated with
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4.8.2 Testing the changes To test y
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HCPDIR494I User directory occupies
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==> link * cf1 cf1 mr ==> acc cf1 f
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... ==> link $page$ a03 a03 mr ==>
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When SERVICE is successfully comple
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5.1.2 Downloading the service files
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==> deterse s8873950 shiprsu1 f = s
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***********************************
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APAR Component Description VM64774
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Figure 5-4 Downloading service for
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5.2.3 Verifying the zEnterprise 196
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5.4.1 Getting service using ShopzSe
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Figure 5-7 Getting fixes from Shopz
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► Use the SERVICE ALL command spe
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6.1 Installing Linux on the PC If y
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6.3.3 Copying the DVD contents Copy
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6.5 Configuring an FTP server for z
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6.5.3 Testing the anonymous FTP ser
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==> copy user direct c = direwrks =
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► Go back to the top of the file
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8016384 bytes sent in 00:01 (6.01 M
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LOGON AT 07:41:38 EDT WEDNESDAY 09/
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Figure 7-1 Initial screen of instal
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Figure 7-4 Splash screen and device
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► On the next screen the host nam
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► On the Add Partition screen, cr
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Figure 7-12 Creating a volume group
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# mount 9.60.18.240:/nfs/rhel6/dvd1
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# chkconfig --list | grep 3:on abrt
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► Edit /etc/init/control-alt-dele
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► View your order with the swapon
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MDISK 100 3390 0001 3338 UM63A2 MR
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NFS server directory you just set u
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► A warning screen will appear as
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► Click Create and on the resulti
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dev/dasda1 on / type ext4 (rw) proc
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► Import the RPM GPG key so that
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This allows the cloner to initiate
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DASD 63AA FR63AA , DASD 63AB FR63AB
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There are many ways to clone Linux
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0.0.0100 active dasda 94:0 ECKD 409
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Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset I
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4 If you specified a value for 3 ab
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Then the SSH keys are regenerated i
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USER $ALLOC$ NOLOG MDISK A01 3390 0
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► Verify that the new user IDs ha
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# cd /nfs # mkdir ks # cd ks ► Co
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RUNKS=1 cmdline ====> file ► Next
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11.1.2 Testing Apache apr-util-ldap
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► To allow Web traffic through, y
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Page 192 and 193: This change will create an SMB shar
Page 194 and 195: Figure 11-2 Mapping a network drive
Page 196 and 197: Dependency Installed: apr.s390x 0:1
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Page 204 and 205: ► Add minidisk statements to defi
Page 206 and 207: 13.2 Adding a logical volume There
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Page 210 and 211: # reboot Broadcast message from roo
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Page 216 and 217: # ls access_denied in_recovery stat
Page 218 and 219: ==> #cp vi vmsg 0 1 In single user
Page 220 and 221: Note: if the rescue image cannot fi
Page 222 and 223: -/+ buffers/cache: 98 654 Swap: 761
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Page 228 and 229: ► Rerun the same scp commands: #
Page 230 and 231: Figure 13-2 Manual setting of DISPL
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Page 242 and 243: a. Use the VMLINK command to both l
Page 244 and 245: 14.2.4 Increasing the size of the M
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Page 248 and 249: Figure 14-3 Performance Toolkit 327
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Page 252 and 253: A.2 Online resources These Web site
Page 254 and 255: 1. Input mode - the Insert key, i,
Page 256 and 257: B.2 z/VM REXX EXECs and XEDIT macro
Page 258 and 259: parse upper var dasds dasd dasds da
Page 260 and 261: eturn retVal /* from formatOne */ /
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Page 264 and 265: B.3 Linux code end /* else */ This
Page 266 and 267: # If there are still command line a
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Page 270 and 271: 3) # user ID does not exist echo "$
Page 272 and 273: [ $? -ne 0 ] && echo "Error: timed
Page 274 and 275: shift fi # If no command line optio
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