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Special cases:
n antivenom available: consider for intractable pain or severe toxicity
n Irukandji-like syndrome: magnesium (0.05 g/kg IV, maximum 2.5 g over
20–30 min, with repeat dosing and infusion rates guided by side effects and
magnesium levels); benzodiazepines (e.g. diazepam 5–10 mg IV q3–4h)
for cramping
n failure of acetic acid, especially for stings of the sea nettle: slurry of bicarbonate
(baking soda) in water
References
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treatment for marine envenomation? Emerg Med J. 2006;23(7):503–508.
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