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50 Geriatric analgesia 12. Hohl C, Dankoff J, Colacone A, et al. Polypharmacy, adverse drug-related events, and potential adverse drug interactions in elderly patients presenting to an emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;38:666–671. 13. Terrell KM, Heard K, Miller DK. Prescribing to older ED patients. Am J Emerg Med. 2006;24:468–478. 14. Gaddis G, Holt T, Woods M. Drug interactions in at-risk emergency department patients. Acad Emerg Med. 2002;9:1162–1167. 15. Cobaugh D, Krenzelok E. Adverse drug reactions and therapeutic errors in older adults: a hazard factor analysis. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2006;63:2228–2234. 16. Schulman S, Henriksson K. Interaction of ibuprofen and warfarin on primary haemostasis. Br J Rheumaol. 1989;28:46–49. 17. Mahe I, Caulin C, Bergmann J. Does paracetamol potentiate the effects of oral anticoagulants: a literature review. Drug Saf. 2004;27:325–333. 18. Leape L, Brennan T, Laird N. The nature of adverse events in hospitalized patients. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:377–384. 19. Beers M, Storrie M, Lee G. Potential adverse drug interactions in the emergency room: an issue of quality of care. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:61–64. 20. Kelly W, Rucker T. Compelling features of a safe medication-use system. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2006;63:1461–1468. 21. Beers M, Ouslander J, Rollingher J, et al. Explicit criteria for determining inappropriate medication use in nursing home residents. Arch Intern Med. 1991;151:1825–1832. 22. Beers M. Explicit criteria for determining potentially inappropriate medication use by the elderly: an update. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:1531–1536. 23. Fick D, Waller J, Maclean J. Potentially inappropriate medication use in a Medicare managed care population: association with higher costs and utilization. J Managed Care Pharm. 2001;7:401–413. 24. Fick D, Cooper J, Wade W, et al. Updating the Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults: results of a U.S. consensus panel of experts. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:2716–2724. 25. Toes M, Jones A, Prescott L. Drug interactions with paracetamol. Am J Ther. 2005;12:56–66. 26. Griffin M, Yared A, Ray W. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acute renal failure in elderly persons. Am J Epidemiol. 2000;151:488–496. 27. Johnson A. NSAIDs and blood pressure: clinical importance for older patients. Drugs Aging. 1998;12:17–27.
Geriatric analgesia 51 28. Buffum M, Buffum J. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the elderly. Pain Manage Nurs. 2000;1:40–50. 29. Ferrell B. Pain management. In Hazzard W, Blass J, Ettigner W (eds.) Principles of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, 4th edn. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999:413–433. 30. Kamal-Bahl SJ, Stuart BC, Beers MH. Propoxyphene use and risk for hip fractures in older adults. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2006;4:219–226. 31. Turturro MA, Paris PM, Yealy DM, et al. Hydrocodone versus codeine in acute musculoskeletal pain. Ann Emerg Med. 1991;20:1100–1103. 32. Perri M, 3rd, Menon AM, Deshpande AD, et al. Adverse outcomes associated with inappropriate drug use in nursing homes. Ann Pharmacother. 2005;39:405–411. 33. Fong HK, Sands LP, Leung JM. The role of postoperative analgesia in delirium and cognitive decline in elderly patients: a systematic review. Anesth Analg. 2006;102:1255–1266.
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Emergency Department Analgesia An E
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Contents List of contributors page
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Tension-type headache 384 Trigemina
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Michel Galinski, MD Attending Physi
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Benjamin A. White, MD Resident, Har
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xiv Foreword code to light up the p
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xvi Foreword The authors of the boo
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Preface A typical shift in the Emer
Page 23 and 24: Acknowledgments Many thanks to this
Page 25: General considerations
Page 28 and 29: 4 Introduction and general approach
Page 34 and 35: 10 Assessment of pain CATHERINE A.
Page 36 and 37: 12 Assessment of pain n Pain assess
Page 38 and 39: 14 Assessment of pain The Face, Leg
Page 40 and 41: 16 Assessment of pain 3. Silka P, R
Page 42 and 43: 18 Assessment of pain 33. Melzack R
Page 44 and 45: 20 Prehospital analgesia and protoc
Page 46 and 47: 22 Prehospital analgesia prehospita
Page 48 and 49: 24 Prehospital analgesia care provi
Page 50 and 51: 26 Prehospital analgesia EMS settin
Page 52 and 53: 28 Prehospital analgesia 18. Kurtz
Page 54 and 55: 30 Prehospital analgesia 48. Helm M
Page 56 and 57: 32 Epidemiologic overview of ED pai
Page 66 and 67: 42 Geriatric analgesia ULA HWANG AN
Page 68 and 69: 44 Geriatric analgesia physiologic
Page 70 and 71: 46 Geriatric analgesia Analgesic ap
Page 72 and 73: 48 Geriatric analgesia The common e
Page 76 and 77: 52 Chronic pain DAVID CLINE AND STE
Page 78 and 79: 54 Chronic pain care providers, it
Page 80 and 81: 56 Chronic pain the agent’s monoa
Page 82 and 83: 58 Chronic pain be in the ED record
Page 84 and 85: 60 Chronic pain 7. Freynhagen R, Bu
Page 86 and 87: 62 NSAIDs and opioids applicable sa
Page 88 and 89: 64 NSAIDs and opioids We believe th
Page 90 and 91: 66 NSAIDs and opioids well-demonstr
Page 92 and 93: 68 NSAIDs and opioids 5. Navascues
Page 94 and 95: 70 Nonstandard medication delivery
Page 102 and 103: 78 Reflections on ED analgesia of u
Page 104 and 105: 80 Reflections on ED analgesia para
Page 106 and 107: 82 Reflections on ED analgesia chem
Page 109: Chief complaints and diagnoses
Page 112 and 113: 88 Abdominal aortic aneurysm occurs
Page 114 and 115: 90 Abdominal aortic aneurysm 19. Le
Page 116 and 117: 92 Aortic dissection Citing sedativ
Page 118 and 119: 94 Arthritis TODD M. LISTWA AND STE
Page 120 and 121: 96 Arthritis NSAIDs may be safer th
Page 122 and 123: 98 Arthritis for patients with high
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100 Arthritis rofecoxib, ordiclofen
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102 Arthritis For breakthrough pain
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104 Arthritis Pediatric: NSAID (e.g
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106 Arthritis 13. Hur C, Chan AT, T
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108 Arthritis 38. Curtis SP, Ko AT,
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110 Arthritis 63. Bliddal H, Tersle
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112 Biliary tract pain A retrospect
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114 Biliary tract pain n Summary an
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116 Biliary tract pain 20. Malesci
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118 Bites and stings - marine enven
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120 Bites and stings - marine jelly
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122 Bites and stings - marine 11. C
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124 Bites and stings - terrestrial
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Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
134 Breast pain COX-2 selective NSA
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136 Breast pain Pregnancy: acetamin
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138 Burns JEREMY ACKERMAN AND ADAM
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140 Burns for moderate-to-severe bu
Page 166 and 167:
142 Burns References 1. Singer AJM,
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144 Burns 30. Patterson DR, Ptacek
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146 Bursitis and periarticular infl
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Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
152 Cancer and tumor pain bony (or
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154 Cancer and tumor pain (20 mg ev
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156 Cancer and tumor pain existing
Page 182 and 183:
158 Cancer and tumor pain n Summary
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160 Cancer and tumor pain 21. Carac
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162 Cardiac chest pain KALANI OLMST
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164 Cardiac chest pain has traditio
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166 Cardiac chest pain Practice Gui
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168 Chest wall trauma MICHEL GALINS
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170 Chest wall trauma NSAIDs. As is
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172 Chest wall trauma n Summary and
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174 Chest wall trauma 21. Seltzer J
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176 Chronic low-back pain limited t
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178 Chronic low-back pain n Summary
Page 204 and 205:
180 Cluster headache SOHAN PAREKH A
Page 206 and 207:
182 Cluster headache n Summary and
Page 208 and 209:
184 Corneal abrasion LISA CALDER n
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186 Corneal abrasion 6. Patrone G,
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188 Cystitis, urethritis, and prost
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Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
194 Dysmenorrhea to that achieved w
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196 Dysmenorrhea 12. Fine PG. The r
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198 Endometriosis by 50-74% compare
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200 Esophageal spasm KALANI OLMSTED
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202 Esophageal spasm via central mo
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204 Fibromyalgia MICHAEL WALTA AND
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206 Fibromyalgia A multicenter plac
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208 Fibromyalgia n Summary and reco
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210 Fibromyalgia 15. Sayar K, Aksu
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212 Fibromyalgia 41. Russell IJ, Mi
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214 Gastritis and peptic ulcer dise
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Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
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Page 250 and 251:
226 Gastroesophageal reflux disease
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Page 256 and 257:
232 Hemorrhoids and perianal pain B
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234 Hemorrhoids and perianal pain a
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236 Hemorrhoids and perianal pain t
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238 Hemorrhoids and perianal pain C
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240 Hemorrhoids and perianal pain 9
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242 Hemorrhoids and perianal pain 3
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244 Migraine and undifferentiated h
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Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
254 Mucositis and stomatitis KELLY
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256 Mucositis and stomatitis eviden
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258 Mucositis and stomatitis above)
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260 Mucositis and stomatitis 5. Dem
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262 Mucositis and stomatitis 30. Mu
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264 Neck and back pain - mechanical
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266 Neck and back pain - mechanical
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268 Neck and back pain - radicular
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Page 296 and 297:
Page 298 and 299:
274 Neck and back pain - spinal spo
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276 Neck and back pain - spinal spo
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278 Neuropathy - complex regional p
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280 Neuropathy - diabetic DAVID CLI
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282 Neuropathy - diabetic n Summary
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284 Neuropathy - diabetic 16. Lesse
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286 Neuropathy - HIV related 3600 m
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288 Neuropathy - HIV related 12. Le
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290 Neuropathy - overview OVER-THE-
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292 Neuropathy - overview The TCAs,
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294 Neuropathy - overview Gabapenti
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296 Neuropathy - overview However,
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298 Neuropathy - overview Reference
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300 Neuropathy - overview 27. Wiffe
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302 Neuropathy - phantom limb pain
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304 Neuropathy - phantom limb pain
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306 Ocular inflammation STEPHEN H.
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308 Ocular inflammation Other RCT d
Page 334 and 335:
310 Ocular inflammation Pregnancy:
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312 Ocular inflammation 20. Frucht-
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314 Odontalgia MICHAEL T. SCHULTZ A
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316 Odontalgia 100 mg caffeine and
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318 Odontalgia TOPICAL THERAPY Topi
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320 Odontalgia 4. Cooper SA, Engel
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322 Odontalgia 32. Sveen OB, Yaekel
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324 Orthopedic extremity trauma inf
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326 Orthopedic extremity trauma The
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328 Orthopedic extremity trauma fem
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330 Orthopedic extremity trauma 35.
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332 Osteoporotic vertebral compress
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334 Osteoporotic vertebral compress
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336 Otitis media and externa benefi
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338 Otitis media and externa 5. Var
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340 Pancreatitis (which lacks effec
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342 Pancreatitis 5. Hubbard GP, Wol
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344 Pharyngitis KELLY YOUNG n Agent
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346 Pharyngitis complete pain relie
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348 Pharyngitis 7. Blagden M, Chris
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350 Pharyngitis 31. Shi Y, Gu R, Li
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352 Postdural puncture headache Cas
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354 Post-herpetic neuralgia JEREMY
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356 Post-herpetic neuralgia virtual
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358 Post-herpetic neuralgia 11. Raj
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360 Renal colic scores. 3 The Cochr
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362 Renal colic References 1. O’C
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364 Sialolithiasis n Summary and re
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366 Sickle cell crisis concluded th
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368 Sickle cell crisis One potentia
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370 Sickle cell crisis titrated in
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372 Sickle cell crisis but acute ca
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374 Sickle cell crisis treatment ti
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376 Sickle cell crisis 3. Dunlop RJ
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378 Sickle cell crisis Disease-rela
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380 Temporomandibular disorders NAT
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382 Temporomandibular disorders n S
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384 Tension-type headache SOHAN PAR
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386 Tension-type headache for TH, b
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388 Tension-type headache 18. Lance
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390 Trigeminal neuralgia as the ini
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392 Undifferentiated abdominal pain
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Tables
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Selected nonsteroidal anti-inflamma
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Selected opioids Maintenance pediat
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Other analgesic drugs Lactation Dos
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Other analgesic drugs (cont.) Lacta
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Other analgesic drugs (cont.) Lacta
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