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Pediatric: fiber-containing laxative (e.g. psyllium powder 5 mL PO QD–TID)<br />

Special cases:<br />

n history of successful nitroglycerin therapy: nitroglycerin ointment (0.2%,<br />

applied BID)<br />

n post-hemorrhoidectomy pain: diltiazem gel (700 mg of a 2% preparation<br />

applied BID); NSAIDs (e.g. ibuprofen 400–600 mg PO QID) with consideration<br />

of opioid rescue (e.g. oxycodone 5–10 mg PO q4–6h)<br />

n failure of local therapy: NSAIDs (e.g. ibuprofen 400–600 mg PO QID) with<br />

opioid rescue (e.g. oxycodone 5–10 mg PO q4–6 h)<br />

n any case in which opioids are prescribed: stool softeners should be prescribed<br />

(e.g. docusate 50–300 mg PO, with dose halved and divided into<br />

1–4 daily PO administrations for children); patients should be warned that<br />

constipation-associated discomfort can offset analgesic efficacy of opioids.<br />

References<br />

Hemorrhoids and perianal pain 239<br />

1. Pinho M, Correa JC, Furtado A, et al. Do hot baths promote anal sphincter<br />

relaxation? Dis Colon Rectum. 1993;36(3):273–274.<br />

2. Gupta P. Randomized, controlled study comparing sitz-bath and no-sitz-bath<br />

treatments in patients with acute anal fissures. ANZ J Surg. 2006;76(8):718–721.<br />

3. Gupta PJ. Effects of warm water sitz bath on symptoms in post-anal sphincterotomy<br />

in chronic anal fissure: a randomized and controlled study. World J<br />

Surg. 2007;31(7):1480–1484.<br />

4. Alonso-Coello P, Guyatt G, Heels-Ansdell D, et al. Laxatives for the treatment of<br />

hemorrhoids. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005(4):CD004649.<br />

5. Lenhard BH. [Hemorrhoids. Differential diagnosis and therapy.] Hautarzt.<br />

2004;55(3):240–247.<br />

6. [Drug therapy of hemorrhoids. Proven results of therapy with a hamamelis<br />

containing hemorrhoid ointment. Results of a meeting of experts. Dresden,<br />

30 August 1991.] Fortschr Med Suppl. 1991;116:1–11.<br />

7. Azarnoff DL, Lee JC, Lee C, et al. Quality of extemporaneously compounded<br />

nitroglycerin ointment. Dis Colon Rectum. 2007;50(4):509–516.<br />

8. Farouk R, Gunn J, Duthie GS. Changing patterns of treatment for chronic anal<br />

fissure. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1998;80(3):194–196.

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