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Music Therapy Today - World Federation of Music Therapy

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Brain Reader Part 1: Researchers can now see what your brain is doing just by<br />

So what makes EROS special?<br />

Science already has multiple other ways to view brain activity, but every<br />

method has its own set <strong>of</strong> limitations.<br />

Functional MRI (fMRI) is a brain-imaging method based on showing<br />

where blood is flowing in the brain. It's based on the assumption that<br />

blood will flow to the areas <strong>of</strong> the brain where neurons are active.<br />

However, it takes much more time for blood to flow than it takes neurons<br />

to be active. "So you present a stimulus and you wait one, two, three, four<br />

seconds… and now you see a response <strong>of</strong> the brain by using functional<br />

MRI," explains Gratton.<br />

Fabiani says that although four seconds may not seem like a lot <strong>of</strong> time,<br />

it's ages in terms <strong>of</strong> brain activity.<br />

The brain acts in the range <strong>of</strong> milliseconds rather than seconds. So<br />

although fMRI gives you a very good picture <strong>of</strong> brain structure, and<br />

where in the brain activity is happening, it suffers from a time delay.<br />

Other methods <strong>of</strong> visualizing brain activity do work in the milliseconds<br />

range, such as electrical measures like ERPs and electroencephalography.<br />

But, unlike fMRI, they don't show very accurately where the activity is<br />

happening.<br />

The type <strong>of</strong> images they produce are more like line graphs showing the<br />

intensity <strong>of</strong> activity over time, but that don't tell researchers in which<br />

region it's happening.<br />

Odds and ends - themes and trends 453

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