Music Therapy Today - World Federation of Music Therapy

Fachner, J. (2006) ‘Set and setting’ in an electrophysiological research paradigm on music perception under the influence of cannabis
and correlated brain function. Music Therapy Today (Online) Vol.VII (2) 333-374. available at http://musictherapyworld.net
& Straumanis, 1990), and the EEG studies reported above were selected
on this premise in order to compare results with closed eyes conditions.
TOBACCO JOINT A guideline of research in an ethnographic field in an ethno-methodolog-
ical manner is to accept and describe habits, ritualistic aspects and setting
of consumer life-world as Rätsch (Rätsch, 1992a) has proposed for
research on psychedelic substances. One of the bad habits associated
with cannabis consumption in European as well as in Australian Aborigi-
nal peoples (Burns et al., 2000) is to mix hashish with tobacco in a joint.
The use of tobacco in this experiment is surely a crucial aspect, because
the hashish-tobacco mixture causes different pharmacokinetic and
dynamic action of THC compared to smoking only herbal cannabis or
hashish. Furthermore the hashish as obtained on the black market (sub-
jects brought their own cannabis) cannot be expected to be pure. Qualita-
tive gas chromatography testing of the smoked substance was done a
week after measuring. Quality was estimated as “medium quality,” con-
taining approximately 20 mg Δ9-THC in the used 0.3-gram hash (“Black
Nepalese”). However, the aim of this study was to find out whether
smoking induces changes on the EEG, not to reveal a dose-related THC
action profile during music perception.
No specific inhalation technique to ensure a comparable uptake of smoke
was used, because this would distract from the naturalistic setting of the
experiment. Subjects were sitting in an armchair and smoked at their own
pace, as they would customarily do. The subjects obviously attained a
cannabis high, said they felt “stoned” and attributed the experienced
altered state of consciousness to be mainly produced by the smoked joint
with hashish.
MUSIC AND SUBJECTS Three male subjects chosen for this explorative experiment reported
themselves as experienced smokers of cannabis and tobacco as well. One
The Exploration 348