FM 3-34.22 - Army Electronic Publications & Forms - U.S. Army

Chapter 7
objectives. Conducting effective interagency coordination and ensuring a unity of effort may require the
establishment of working groups, boards, coordination centers, and the use of LNOs at various levels (see
FM 3-07 for more information on interagency coordination). Engineer planners must consider the span of
control in arraying C2 for engineer units. No single C2 option works best for all stability and civil support
operations. Additionally, Army forces may often be the supporting organization rather than the lead
agency.
Protection
7-70. In stability operations, engineers play a major role in protecting positions, headquarters, support
facilities, base camps, and highly vulnerable assets. In addition to protecting U.S. and multinational
military and civilian personnel, consideration must also be given to protecting contractors and local
workers. Stability operations are often decentralized to the battalion, company, or platoon level. Engineer
support requirements for protection may stretch throughout the AO as the BCT positions troops where they
can best stabilize the situation. Every unit has an inherent capability to provide basic survivability, which
can be supplemented with combat engineering equipment to establish lower-end hardening (with earth
berms and HESCO Bastion Concertainers). The most effective protection level can only be provided by
general engineers or civilian contractors. In stability operations, the BCT may face a mine or UXO threat.
Engineers typically play a major role in coordinating the effort to reduce the effects on military forces,
nonmilitary forces, and civilians.
7-71. In civil support operations, the immediate effort is on protecting civilians from the elements or the
residual hazards from a disaster. Engineers can assist in erecting temporary shelters or prefabricated
buildings. Engineer effort may include the construction of earth walls and berms to mitigate emergency
flooding and preserve property. Army forces may also have a role in protecting federal property and
federal government functions when the local authorities are unwilling or unable to do so.
7-72. Regardless of BCT requirements in stability and civil support operations, there most likely are not
enough engineer assets (including civilian-contracted engineer support) available. This situation requires
BCT units to construct their own fortifications and assist with other engineer tasks within their capabilities.
In prioritizing the use of engineers or organic forces to accomplish engineer tasks, the BCT commander
emphasizes the strengthening of protection measures.
CIVIL AFFAIRS OPERATIONS
7-73. As stated in FM 3-0, Army forces conduct CA operations as part of full spectrum operations. CA
operations are those activities that enhance the relationship between military forces and civil authorities in
areas where military forces are present. Commanders use CA operations to mitigate the impact of military
presence on the population and vice versa. These activities are fundamental to executing stability tasks.
7-74. Engineers have a critical role in CA operations, since military operations typically include engineer
activities of nonmilitary organizations and military forces. If the experiences of the Gulf War, Operation
Restore Hope, Operation Joint Endeavor, Operation Enduring Freedom, and Operation Iraqi Freedom are
repeated in future military operations, engineer operations will include many DOD civilians and the
services of NGO, international organizations, OGAs, and contractors. The total engineer force of active
and reserve military, civilians, contractors, HN personnel, and allies constitute primary resources for CA
operations; and the BCT commander can draw upon them to accomplish the engineer mission in their AO.
7-75. While CA units retain responsibility for the overall conduct of CA operations, all Army forces have
some inherent capability of supporting CA operations. The integration of engineers, military police, health
services, communications, transportation, and other SOF capabilities is essential to the overall effort.
Engineer capabilities are applied to provide specific construction and other technical support. The engineer
support must be fully integrated with the CA operations plan. Integration occurs through operations
process activities and is facilitated by coordination among the ENCOORD and S-9 staff. The BCT may
also form working groups under the S-9’s lead to ensure the integration of necessary capabilities.
7-16 FM 3-34.22 11 February 2009