FM 3-34.22 - Army Electronic Publications & Forms - U.S. Army

� Streams.
� Hills or mountains with excessive slopes.
� Cultural.
� Urban areas.
� Quarries.
� Railroad beds.
� Built-up or elevated roads.
� Potential EHs (gas storage sites).
Engineer Running Estimate
F-8. Reinforcing obstacles are those constructed, emplaced, or detonated to enhance existing obstacles or
terrain. Some examples are—
� Minefields.
� Tank ditches.
� Abatis.
� Tank walls.
� Road craters.
� Wire entanglements.
F-9. A weather analysis determines the effect of weather on the mission (see table F-1). Snow, dust,
humidity, and temperature extremes have an impact on Soldier efficiency and limit the potential of
weapons and equipment. Poor visibility affects the integration of obstacle emplacement with survivability
positions in EA development. Inclement weather usually favors an attacker because defenders are less
alert; however, it degrades mobility and C2 and weapons are less effective. The attacker can close with the
defender more easily in limited visibility conditions.
Table F-1. Weather effects
Weather Condition Area/Element Affected
Temperature Soldiers, weapons, equipment, and civil disorder
Humidity Soldiers and equipment
Precipitation Soldiers, trafficability, and equipment
Visibility Observation and integration of obstacles and survivability
Light data Observation and survivability construction rate
High winds
(greater than 35 knots)
Cloud cover
Damaged materiel and structures; reduced visibility (blowing sand, dust, and
battlefield debris), impaired vehicle movement, improved traffic ability (causing soil
to dry faster), and temperatures below 40° (makes wind chill a critical consideration)
Friendly close air support (2,500-foot ceiling), threat close air support (300-foot
ceiling), visibility, smoke or chemical-agent employment, and temperature
F-10. Civil considerations comprise the influence of man-made infrastructure, civilian institutions, and
attitudes and activities of civilian leaders, populations, and organizations within an AO on the conduct of
military operations (see FM 6-0). The ENCOORD analyzes the effects of civil considerations to understand
the population (demographics and culture), government, economics, NGOs, history, and other factors. This
analysis influences the selection of objectives, movement of forces, and positioning of units for current
operations and future plans. Civil considerations comprise six characteristics (ASCOPE). (See FM 6-0 for
a detailed discussion of ASCOPE.)
Enemy Mission and Mobility, Countermobility, and Survivability Capabilities
F-11. Threat evaluation and integration are major components of the IPB. Enemy mission and M/CM/S
capabilities are subcomponents of the threat evaluation and integration process. The ENCOORD supports
the S-2 during the threat evaluation by focusing on enemy engineer capability as it relates to the enemy
mission. When executing this component of the running estimate, the ENCOORD must first understand the
11 February 2009 FM 3-34.22 F-3