Global Burden of Armed Violence - The Geneva Declaration on ...

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134 GLOBAL BURDEN <strong>of</strong> ARMED VIOLENCE Map 7.2 Enforced and involuntary disappearances, 2006 �� Note: Data for Somalia is not available in this map as there was no central political authority in the country in 2006. No information was available for Iran. Source: Cingranelli and Richards (2008a) <strong>The</strong> global magnitude <strong>of</strong> enforced disappearances remains poorly understood. <strong>The</strong> Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances <strong>of</strong> the UN Office <strong>of</strong> the High Commissioner for Human Rights recorded a total <strong>of</strong> 51,763 cases between 1964 and 2007. At least 41,257 <strong>of</strong> these cases— some 80 per cent—remain unresolved in 2008 (HRC, 2008b, pp. 104–6). It should be noted, however, that most <strong>of</strong> these reported incidents occurred before 2000. In Iraq, for example, 15,853 out <strong>of</strong> 16,517 cases occurred before 1989. In Sri Lanka, 9,443 out <strong>of</strong> 12,085 cases were recorded in 1989 and 1990. 8 Indeed, between 2000 and 2007, the Working Group recorded just 1,307 cases, which represent approximately 2.5 per cent <strong>of</strong> all recorded cases. 9 While this represents only a small proportion <strong>of</strong> global enforced disappearances, it provides insight into recent figures <strong>of</strong> recorded enforced disappearances, and suggests that these have declined from an annual average <strong>of</strong> about 187 between 2000 and 2003 to 140 between 2004 and 2007 (see Table 7.1). Comparing these to the annual average <strong>of</strong> 1,442 for the period 1964 to 1999 10 further highlights the dramatic decrease <strong>of</strong> recorded enforced disappearances.
Table 7.1 Recorded cases <strong>of</strong> enforced or involuntary disappearances, selected countries, 2000–03 and 2004–07 Country 2000–03 2004–07 Total cases Annual average Total cases Annual average Algeria 15 3.75 8 2 Argentina 9 2.25 0 0 China 15 3.75 6 1.5 Colombia 80 20 34 8.5 Ethiopia 0 0 4 1 Guatemala 1 0.25 0 0 Honduras 0 0 2 0.5 India 54 13.5 10 2.5 Indonesia 43 10.75 1 0.25 Iran 1 0.25 2 0.5 Iraq 1 0.25 0 0 Lebanon 3 0.75 0 0 Mexico 16 4 2 0.5 Morocco 1 0.25 0 0 Nepal 307 76.75 153 38.25 Pakistan 6 1.5 31 7.75 Peru 2 0.5 0 0 Philippines 13 3.25 38 9.5 Russian Federation 105 26.25 23 5.75 Sri Lanka 17 4.25 185 46.25 Sudan 54 13.5 61 15.25 Turkey 4 1 0 0 Total/average 747 186.75 560 140 Source: Calculations based on HRC (2008b, pp. 107–20) 135 OT H E R FORMS OF A R M E D V I O L E N C E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
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G L O B A L www.genevadeclaration.o
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G L O B A L www.genevadeclaration.o
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Foreword Armed vio
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Contents Executive Summary ........
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About the Geneva <
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of direct conflict
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Executive Summary Armed</st
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Figure 1 captures graphically the d
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This report also finds that the aft
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��
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Chapter One Direct Conflict Death <
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approaches that featured cross-nati
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us, non-state and intercommunal arm
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niques and inclusion requirements (
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Figure 1.2 Estimates of</st
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North Africa Sudan 7,284 1,098 2,60
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Map 1.1 The GBAV c
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�� Increasing di
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Table 1.4 Estimated direct conflict
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Table 1.7 Direct conflict death rat
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accounts overwhelmingly for the glo
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Chapter Two The Ma
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Sexual violence in armed conflict a
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continued for six months due to the
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Table 2.1 Comparison of</st
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of sexual violence
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can be explained by the relatively
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Box 2.3 A very dark number: direct
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Photo Victims of v
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Table 2.5 Violent death estimates f
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Chapter Three Armed</strong
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ized by a clear victory of<
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On the basis of Ch
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illegal war economies, including th
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standards issued by UNHCR emphasize
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Table 3.4 Risk factors for youth vi
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Map 3.2 The youth
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Given the potential importance <str
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interventions based on identified n
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Chapter Four Lethal Encounters: Non
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violence in Mexico in 2007-08 (BBC,
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comparisons between regions <strong
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tively. The Caribb
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the homicide count is derived. None
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Table 4.1 National-level homicide t
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sistent increases during the time p
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Box 4.3 Sex, age, and armed violenc
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Page 111 and 112: In Uganda, a protracted armed confl
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Page 121 and 122: Chapter Six Armed
Page 123 and 124: (Myrttinen, 2003, p. 38). T
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Page 127 and 128: go missing, or are killed. In such
Page 129 and 130: disaggregated data is still not ava
Page 131 and 132: Acts of sexual vio
Page 133 and 134: Dowry-related violence A dowry is t
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Page 137 and 138: Chapter Seven Other Forms o
Page 139 and 140: will likely emerge. Armed</
Page 141 and 142: Gangs in Central America Central Am
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Page 145: The absence <stron
Page 149 and 150: Figure 7.2 Kidnap for ransom cases
Page 151 and 152: armed violence, since, beyond the d
Page 153 and 154: Bibliography Executive Summary CNP
Page 155 and 156: Burr, M. 1993. A Working Document:
Page 157 and 158: Thieren, Michael. 2005. ‘Health I
Page 159 and 160: ——. 2008. Small Arms Survey 200
Page 161 and 162: Nations-Survey-on-Crime-Trends-and-
Page 163 and 164: ground Paper. Geneva</stron
Page 165 and 166: --. 2003. ‘Masculinities and Masc
Page 167 and 168: ights-and-wrongs-of</strong
Page 169 and 170: Boxes List of Illu
Page 171 and 172: Map 4.1 Homicide rates per 100,000
Page 173 and 174: Figure 2.1 Typology of</str
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