Global Burden of Armed Violence - The Geneva Declaration on ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

20 While the total annual number <strong>of</strong> direct conflict GLOBAL BURDEN <strong>of</strong> ARMED VIOLENCE Photo " A Tamil woman receives medical treat- ment after being wounded by a Claymore blast in Batticaloa district, Sri Lanka, 2007. © Will Baxter/WPN deaths decreased between 2004 and 2005 from 46,100 to 42,500, they subsequently increased to 63,900 in 2007 (see Table 1.1). 23 This increase is due primarily to armed violence in Iraq, Afghani- stan, Sri Lanka, and Somalia (see Table 1.2). Significantly reducing armed violence in Iraq, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, and Somalia in 2005 would have reduced the global level <strong>of</strong> direct conflict deaths by 30 per cent in 2006 and 64 per cent in 2007. 24 <strong>The</strong> regional distribution <strong>of</strong> direct conflict deaths warrants closer inspection. Approximately two- thirds (66 per cent) <strong>of</strong> all direct conflict deaths between 2004 and 2007 occurred in Asia, almost one-quarter (24 per cent) in Africa, 6 per cent in the Americas, and 2 per cent in Europe. Two per cent <strong>of</strong> all direct conflict deaths can be attributed to international terrorism (see Table 1.1). However, there are significant differences concern- ing the subregional distribution <strong>of</strong> direct conflict deaths (see Figure 1.2). In Asia, for example, it can be seen that direct conflict deaths in the Near and Middle East/South-west Asia increased about threefold between 2004 and 2007 (see Table 1.1). This was mainly due to the wars in Iraq, Afghani- stan, and Pakistan. In South Asia, the stable levels <strong>of</strong> direct deaths are a reflection <strong>of</strong> fewer direct conflict deaths in Nepal and increases in Sri Lanka. East and South-east Asia, as well as Central Asia and Transcaucasia have relatively low levels <strong>of</strong> direct conflict deaths (see Table 1.2). In Africa, direct conflict deaths decreased in 2005 and 2006, but increased in 2007. This is mainly due to increasing numbers <strong>of</strong> direct conflict deaths in East Africa (Somalia and Ethiopia). In North Africa in this period, direct conflict deaths decreased due to the lower figures for Sudan (see Table 1.2). <strong>The</strong> slight decrease in West and Central Africa direct conflict deaths was mainly due to declining levels <strong>of</strong> direct conflict deaths in the Democratic Republic <strong>of</strong> the Congo (DRC) and Nigeria, even though there was a slight increase in 2007 (see Table 1.2). 26 In the Americas and Europe, direct conflict deaths stayed at relatively low levels. In the Americas, the level <strong>of</strong> direct conflict deaths is mainly defined by the conflict in Colombia (see Table 1.2). Direct deaths from international terrorism increased in the period 2004–07 but remained at low levels (see Table 1.2). 27
Map 1.1 <strong>The</strong> GBAV conflict-affected countries �� Conflict-affected countries Direct conflict deaths in individual countries �� As the previous section observes, direct conflict deaths tend to be highly concentrated in a limited number <strong>of</strong> countries. Table 1.3 lists the ten countries with the highest level <strong>of</strong> direct conflict deaths for the period 2004–07. It is led by Iraq, with a total <strong>of</strong> around 51,400 direct conflict deaths, followed by Sudan with 12,700, Afghanistan with 12,400, Colombia with 11,800, and the DRC with 9,300. <strong>The</strong>se five conflicts account for around half <strong>of</strong> all direct conflict deaths between 2004 and 2007. �� Iraq accounts for 28 per cent <strong>of</strong> all direct conflict deaths in this period. <strong>The</strong> top ten countries account for three-quarters <strong>of</strong> all direct conflict deaths. While the figures presented in Table 1.3 are sure to be undercounting direct conflict deaths by a considerable margin, they nevertheless highlight that targeted initiatives against specific armed conflicts could contribute to a significant reduction in the global burden <strong>of</strong> armed violence. <strong>The</strong> distribution <strong>of</strong> direct conflict deaths among these conflicts has varied greatly between 2004 �� 21 D I R EC T CO N F L I C T DE AT H 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Page 1 and 2: G L O B A L www.genevadeclaration.o
Page 3 and 4: G L O B A L www.genevadeclaration.o
Page 5 and 6: Foreword Armed vio
Page 7 and 8: Contents Executive Summary ........
Page 9 and 10: About the Geneva <
Page 11 and 12: of direct conflict
Page 13 and 14: Executive Summary Armed</st
Page 15 and 16: Figure 1 captures graphically the d
Page 17 and 18: This report also finds that the aft
Page 19 and 20: ��
Page 21 and 22: Chapter One Direct Conflict Death <
Page 23 and 24: approaches that featured cross-nati
Page 25 and 26: us, non-state and intercommunal arm
Page 27 and 28: niques and inclusion requirements (
Page 29 and 30: Figure 1.2 Estimates of</st
Page 31: North Africa Sudan 7,284 1,098 2,60
Page 35 and 36: �� Increasing di
Page 37 and 38: Table 1.4 Estimated direct conflict
Page 39 and 40: Table 1.7 Direct conflict death rat
Page 41 and 42: accounts overwhelmingly for the glo
Page 43 and 44: Chapter Two The Ma
Page 45 and 46: Sexual violence in armed conflict a
Page 47 and 48: continued for six months due to the
Page 49 and 50: Table 2.1 Comparison of</st
Page 51 and 52: of sexual violence
Page 53 and 54: can be explained by the relatively
Page 55 and 56: Box 2.3 A very dark number: direct
Page 57 and 58: Photo Victims of v
Page 59 and 60: Table 2.5 Violent death estimates f
Page 61 and 62: Chapter Three Armed</strong
Page 63 and 64: ized by a clear victory of<
Page 65 and 66: On the basis of Ch
Page 67 and 68: illegal war economies, including th
Page 69 and 70: standards issued by UNHCR emphasize
Page 71 and 72: Table 3.4 Risk factors for youth vi
Page 73 and 74: Map 3.2 The youth
Page 75 and 76: Given the potential importance <str
Page 77 and 78: interventions based on identified n
Page 79 and 80: Chapter Four Lethal Encounters: Non
Page 81 and 82: violence in Mexico in 2007-08 (BBC,
Page 83 and 84:
comparisons between regions <strong
Page 85 and 86:
tively. The Caribb
Page 87 and 88:
the homicide count is derived. None
Page 89 and 90:
Table 4.1 National-level homicide t
Page 91 and 92:
sistent increases during the time p
Page 93 and 94:
Box 4.3 Sex, age, and armed violenc
Page 95 and 96:
The police are sat
Page 97 and 98:
American countries have similar tre
Page 99 and 100:
evidence on the patterns and distri
Page 101 and 102:
Chapter Five What’s in a Number?
Page 103 and 104:
observe that war has negative effec
Page 105 and 106:
Box 5.1 Accounting for the costs <s
Page 107 and 108:
of conflict and co
Page 109 and 110:
Table 5.2 The soci
Page 111 and 112:
In Uganda, a protracted armed confl
Page 113 and 114:
�� Lost product
Page 115 and 116:
Figure 5.3 Potential gains in life
Page 117 and 118:
playing a role in promoting an end
Page 119 and 120:
16 Specifically, the health and yea
Page 121 and 122:
Chapter Six Armed
Page 123 and 124:
(Myrttinen, 2003, p. 38). T
Page 125 and 126:
NATO Forces and The</strong
Page 127 and 128:
go missing, or are killed. In such
Page 129 and 130:
disaggregated data is still not ava
Page 131 and 132:
Acts of sexual vio
Page 133 and 134:
Dowry-related violence A dowry is t
Page 135 and 136:
sex ratios reported at birth is pre
Page 137 and 138:
Chapter Seven Other Forms o
Page 139 and 140:
will likely emerge. Armed</
Page 141 and 142:
Gangs in Central America Central Am
Page 143 and 144:
��
Page 145 and 146:
The absence <stron
Page 147 and 148:
Table 7.1 Recorded cases of
Page 149 and 150:
Figure 7.2 Kidnap for ransom cases
Page 151 and 152:
armed violence, since, beyond the d
Page 153 and 154:
Bibliography Executive Summary CNP
Page 155 and 156:
Burr, M. 1993. A Working Document:
Page 157 and 158:
Thieren, Michael. 2005. ‘Health I
Page 159 and 160:
——. 2008. Small Arms Survey 200
Page 161 and 162:
Nations-Survey-on-Crime-Trends-and-
Page 163 and 164:
ground Paper. Geneva</stron
Page 165 and 166:
--. 2003. ‘Masculinities and Masc
Page 167 and 168:
ights-and-wrongs-of</strong
Page 169 and 170:
Boxes List of Illu
Page 171 and 172:
Map 4.1 Homicide rates per 100,000
Page 173 and 174:
Figure 2.1 Typology of</str
show all

Global Burden of Armed Violence - The Geneva Declaration on ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?