The Art of the Helicopter John Watkinson - Karatunov.net

382 Index
Energy and work, 29–31
kinetic energy, 30
potential energy, 30
Engines see Diesel piston engines/installations;
Gasoline engines/installations; Turbine
engines/installations
Enstrom F-28, 76
airframe structure, 16–17
pitch control, 138–9, 140
tail rotor, 175
Fa 223 multi-rotor helicopter, 359–61
FADEC (Full Authority Digital Engine
Control), 235–7
Fairey (Westland):
Gyrodyne, 10, 353
Rotodyne, 11, 12, 355
Fatigue failure, 25
Fault tolerance, 321–2
electrical systems, 321–2
hardover problems, 59, 321
hydraulics, 321
military applications, 321
redundancy, 321
Feathering, 62, 134–6
cyclic feathering, 98
Feedback, 55–60
actual position, 55
closed loops, 55
damping/critical damping, 57
desired position, 55
feedback loops, 55
hunting, 55–6
and loop gain, 57
nested loops, 57–9
open loop condition, 57
position error, 55
with radio control of models, 59–60
see also Servos
Fenestron system, 167, 186–7
Figure of merit, 76–7
Fins, tailplane, 182–3
Flameout problems, turbine engines, 235
Flapback, 90
tail rotors, 172
Flapping, 122–3
flapping bearing vibration, 100
flapping bearings/hinges, 158–60, 349
Gurney flap, 181
tail rotor hinges, 172
Flare-out and disc loading, 76
Flettner Kolibri (Hummingbird), 2, 4, 198
Flight directors, 262, 318
see also Coupled systems
Flight manuals, 339–40
and operational limitations, 339–40
Flight sensors:
airspeed indicators (ASI), 263, 275–6, 287–8
Attitude-sensing instruments, 263, 286
heading sensing devices, 263
height/altitude sensing indicators, 263, 276–7,
325–7
see also Gyroscopic instruments;
Instrumentation, flying and navigation;
Magnetic compasses; Pressure instruments
Flutter, rotor blades, 65–6
Flux gate compass, 269–71
Fly-by-wire and fly-by-light, 292
Flybars:
about flybars, 305
see also Bell flybar system; Bell-Hiller flybar
system; Hiller flybar system; Lockheed
flybar system
Focke-Achgelis Fa-223, 3, 5
Focke-Wulf Fw-61, 2–3
Following/following rate, 132
Force(s):
and acceleration, 22–5
moments and couples, 28–9
resultants and components, 26–7
Forward flight:
inflow and coning roll, 90–3
rotor H-force, 93
speed limit, 97–8
tail function and design, 179
tandem rotor helicopters, 370–1
translational flight, 88–90
Fountain effect, and ground effect, 85
Fourier analysis, 46–9
basic functions of, 47
Heisenberg inequality, 48
and helicopter rotors, 48–9
inverse transforms, 47
and the lift function, 98
short-term Fourier transform (STFT), 48
Fuel, gasoline engines, 208
Fuel injection, diesel engines, 216
Fuel injection, gasoline engines:
basic principle, 210–11
electronic systems, 211
mechanical systems, 211
Fuel systems:
about fuel systems, 17–18
air vent plumbing, 221
Chinook helicopter, 222–3
filtering, 221
fuel type indicators, 220
JetRanger helicopter, 221–2
large helicopters, 221–3
light helicopters, 219–21