The Art of the Helicopter John Watkinson - Karatunov.net
The Art of the Helicopter John Watkinson - Karatunov.net
The Art of the Helicopter John Watkinson - Karatunov.net
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386 Index<br />
Piasecki:<br />
Dogship tandem rotor helicopter, 368–9<br />
Pathfinder gyrodyne, 354<br />
Piezo-electric gyroscopes, 54–5<br />
Pilot stress, and vibration, 107<br />
Piston engines/installations:<br />
basic elements, 17<br />
fuel for, 18<br />
typical installation, 193–4<br />
see also Diesel piston engines/installations;<br />
Gasoline engines/installations<br />
Pitch control, 136–41<br />
cyclic trim, 141–2<br />
multi-bladed heads, 139–41<br />
servo tabs, 138–9<br />
sliding swashplates, 136–7<br />
Pitch stability, 342<br />
Plunging, 98<br />
Power assisted controls, 302–3<br />
duplex actuator, 303–4<br />
EHV (electro-hydraulic valve), 304–5<br />
fully powered systems, 303–5<br />
Power management, 326–31<br />
airspeed effects, 330–1<br />
and all-up weight (AUW), 329–30, 334<br />
climbing, 335–7<br />
descending, 335–7<br />
and hover out <strong>of</strong> ground effect (HOGE), 329–30<br />
multiple engine machines, 337–9<br />
power margin, 327–9<br />
Power to weight ratio, high needed, 1<br />
Power turbine inlet temperature (PTIT), 237<br />
Powerblades, 249<br />
Pressure, and gases, 32–3<br />
Pressure and density altitude, 325–7<br />
Pressure instruments:<br />
altimeters, 271–5<br />
altitude sensing, 276–7<br />
AMSL (height above mean sea level), 273<br />
ASI (airspeed indicator), 275–6<br />
chaser motors, 277<br />
chasers, 277<br />
GS (groundspeed), 276<br />
IAS (indicated air speed), 276<br />
ISA (International Standard Atmosphere),<br />
273–4, 325–6<br />
QFE (airfield barometric pressure), 273–4<br />
QNH (pressure reduced to mean sea level), 273–4<br />
rotor turning problems, 274<br />
TAS (true air speed), 276<br />
VSI (vertical speed indicator), 275<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>ile drag, 63–4<br />
PTIT (power turbine inlet temperature), 237<br />
Pulse code modulation (PCM), 292–3<br />
Pulse jet, 248–9<br />
Pulse width modulation (PWM), 378<br />
Puma, tail design, 173<br />
Pumping loss, gasoline engines, 334<br />
PWM (pulse width modulation), 378<br />
QFE (airfield barometric pressure), 273–4<br />
QNH (pressure reduced to mean sea level), 273–4<br />
Quantizing, 293<br />
RADAR altimeter, 288–90<br />
RADAR sensors, 288–90<br />
Radio control principles, 377–8<br />
Radio-controlled helicopters, 263, 376–7<br />
Radius <strong>of</strong> gyration, 38<br />
RAF (relative airflow):<br />
about RAF, 61<br />
and ground effect, 84<br />
Ramjet (athodyd), 247–8<br />
Range:<br />
and all-up weight (AUW), 334<br />
gasoline engines, 333–4<br />
and speed, 331–2<br />
turbine engines, 333–4<br />
wind effects, 332<br />
Recirculation, and ground effect, 86<br />
Relative airflow (RAF):<br />
about RAF, 61<br />
and ground effect, 84<br />
Remotely piloted helicopters, 263, 376–7<br />
Resonance, 43<br />
Reynolds numbers, 63<br />
Rigidity and strength, 25–6<br />
Robinson helicopters, 131<br />
R-22, 158<br />
carburettor icing avoidance, 215–16<br />
overpitch control, 198<br />
Rollover, 153–5<br />
Rotation, mechanics <strong>of</strong>, 40–4<br />
damping, 43<br />
mass controlled systems, 42–3<br />
resistance controlled systems, 43<br />
rotation masses and precession, 51–2<br />
stiffness controlled systems, 42<br />
Rotodyne, 11, 12<br />
Rotor blades:<br />
abrasion problems, 163<br />
actuator concept, 73–5<br />
advancing blade compressibility stall, 96, 97<br />
aeroelasticity effect, 115<br />
blade construction, 162–3<br />
blade design, 114–16<br />
blade element <strong>the</strong>ory, 75<br />
blade folding, 163–5<br />
blade forces, 70–1<br />
blade stall and compressibility, 93–7<br />
blade tracking, 163